Homemade drilling machine: appointment, design and principle of operation, making your own hands
Ordinary drills are most often used for repair work, as works on drilling do not differ in special complexity. Therefore, drilling machines in most cases do not need home builders. Such units are especially popular among radio amateurs. However, those, who is often engaged in repair work, may be interested in the drilling device. Buying industrial machines for drilling and using them in the home is expensive. The problem can be solved quite easily. To do this, you only need to make a drilling machine with your own hands.
Drilling machine: principle of operation
Situations often arise, in which the manual or electric drill is not able to perform the task. So, example, for the production of printed circuit boards it is necessary to drill many holes with a small diameter 0,5-1 mm Drill such work is not very convenient, exept this, the drill may break.
At similar works the self-made drilling mini-machine can help out.
Design of the machine for drilling works
Though, that the design of the unit seems complicated, it consists of only four parts.
The main parts of the drilling machine:
- engine;
- transmission mechanism;
- working body;
- governing body.
In such a device, the electric motor with the help of a transmission mechanism transmits motion to the working body, what is a drill. The working body is attached to the cartridge, which is mounted on a rotating shaft (spindle).
Rotation is transmitted to the spindle by means of a belt drive. Using rail transmission, the chuck with the drill can be raised and lowered, turning the handle for this.
The control unit of the unit is located on the front panel of the machine, on which the buttons of inclusion and switching off of the electric motor settle down. Depending on the required direction of rotation of the drill, the machine is switched on by means of any of the extreme buttons. You can turn off the device by pressing the middle red button.
A vertical screw-column is fixed to the base of the equipment. One of the handles is used to move the spindle head around it. By means of the second handle the spindle headstock is fixed in the necessary position. The machines are equipped with a special scale, which displays the depth of blind holes.
The drilling speed is set depending on, what material has the workpiece. To do this, a belt drive belt is thrown over a pulley of a certain diameter, a certain speed of the spindle rotation is set.
The described design of the machine is one of the simplest. Drilling units with more complex schemes are most often installed in production.
Instructions for making a drilling machine
The proposed homemade device can easily and with minimal effort to drill holes at high speed. The depth of the holes will be the same. exept this, the position of the tool can be adjusted in the unit, thanks to which he will be able to cut perfectly equal squares out of wood.
To make a homemade machine you need to prepare:
-
thick wooden board 2 cm;
- long threaded rod;
- joiner's glue;
- short screws - 20 things;
- long screws - 30 things;
- small box with guides;
- lath from a tree;
- screwdriver;
- strubcinu;
- drill;
- sandpaper;
- saw on wood;
- ruler;
- pencil.
First of all, you need to make the base of the future drilling unit with your own hands.
- Cut a rectangular base plate and four bars.
- Apply bars to the edges of the form.
- Secure the structure with clamps.
- Retreating from the edge 1 cm, mark with a pencil the location of the screws, and drill.
- Lubricate the base and bars with glue, connect the elements and fasten with screws.
Once the glue is completely dry, the clamps will need to be removed. The base is ready, now it is necessary to start execution of a hand of the machine tool.
- On a rectangular board 40 cm long it is necessary to make a marking. For this purpose along the basis it is necessary to draw a line of the center and to recede from it in each party on 5 div.
- It will be necessary to attach bars at the specified distance, each of which must be a length in 17 div.
- Add bars on the marking and fasten in the center with screws.
For a more secure connection, the elements can be pre-coated with glue.
At the next stage of production of the drilling machine the most difficult part of the unit is executed by the hands, namely, its moving element. For its production two laths up to are taken 25 see guides.
-
From the edges of the slats retreat on 1,5 cm, and draw two parallel lines, on which guides will be located.
- Mark the mounting locations of the screws.
- Install the guides as follows, to allow them to slide freely.
- Drill holes for screws.
- Attach the guides on one bar.
- Connect the second bar with self-tapping screws to the sleeve bars, and only then attach the second guides to it.
Component structures are ready. All their lines, surfaces and angles must be smooth. Now you need to put the sleeve on a flat surface, and install the base of the machine perpendicularly, and clamp everything together. If you get a right angle, then the line of fastening of a sleeve and base is noted, then the parts are connected with self-tapping screws.
Another wooden bar will support the drill, which must be square. In the middle of it you will first need to cut a circle, and then use L-shaped brackets to attach the bar to the machine.
To make the support bar universal, on the four sides inside the circle you need to cut small square holes, and on the outside in the same places to drill longitudinal openings. After that, screws are inserted into them, with which you can securely fix the drill of any size.
That the drill during works was steady, the upper part of the support is made of another bar. To do this, cut a circle, and on the one hand part of a lath is cut off. The rest is bolted to the movable structure.
The last element, which you want to install the machine, there is a stopper. You will need it for that, so that when drilling you can change the depth of the holes.
The stopper will be a long rod with a thread, under which a hole is drilled in the base of the structure. Then two holes are made in a small bar of wood, one of which must be located horizontally, and the other vertically. You will need to screw the screw into the horizontal hole, part of which must come from the other side. A threaded plug is simply inserted into the vertical hole.
Now the bar must be installed between the movable installation and the base, in which to insert a long rod. Passing the rod through the threaded plug, it must be tightened to the end.
Work on the manufacture of the drilling machine is completed. The device is ready for the drilling process.
Drilling machine based on induction motor
You can create a machine with your own hands from an electric motor from any unit, who has served his term. This motor will be the engine for the mini-drilling machine. The best option is a motor from drum washing machines.
Since the engine from the washing machine has a lot of weight, and its power is higher, than in an electric drill, it will be necessary to prepare a powerful rack and base.
To make the engine vibrate as little as possible, it is placed as close as possible to the rack. At the same time it is necessary to install in addition pulleys with a belt drive.
Pulleys must be prepared for the construction:
- hexagon;
- two bearings;
- gear;
- clamping ring made of strong steel;
- two tubes of small thickness, one of which must be internally threaded.
To perform the moving part of the transmission device of the unit, on a hexagon it is necessary to put on a pulley and to connect a metal tube with a steel ring and the bearing. These elements must be tightly connected, otherwise they will break down very quickly under the influence of vibration.
From a tube with oversaws and a gear the adjusting complex of the device is carried out. The tube must be of this length, so that the cartridge on it could rise to the desired height. At it the axis with a hexagon is pressed.
The described design is quite difficult to make with your own hands. For easier execution it is recommended to assemble by analogy with the machine with an electric drill. It is also worth noting, that to achieve the exact size of the holes with such a unit will not work.
Work on creating your own homemade drilling machine requires patience and perseverance. But those homemakers, who really needs such a unit, will be satisfied with the result.
