Methods of calculating toroidal transformers: types of devices, nuances of miscalculation online
A transformer is an electromagnetic device with two or more inductively coupled windings, which serves to change the magnitude of alternating current. Many fans use transformers based on used devices. They are needed to power control circuits, as well as for lighting in various electrical appliances.
Many people have to deal with current transformers, therefore it is very often necessary to calculate the parameters of the transformer. Today you will find out, how to calculate toroidal transformers and other types of devices, what parameters are used for such calculations online.
Transformer and features of its design
Such a device, as a transformer includes the following components: core (magnetic wire); winding, placed on it.
Winding, which is connected to a source that converts voltage, is called primary, and that, to which the sources of electricity consumption are connected - respectively, secondary. By purpose transformers happen:
- pulsed;
- power appliances;
- agrees.
Necessary calculations for devices based on old devices with their own hands, to spend is practically impossible, because it is extremely difficult to find the necessary iron and winding wire. Therefore it is necessary to take a magnetic wire with power, which exceeds the needs and increases the size of transformers.
Classification of transformers
There are processing lines by their design: armored; rod; toroidal. The rod structure works this way, that the windings and the two coils are split in two and connected in series.
There may be problems with the direction of winding of the coils and their subsequent connection, although, thanks to this design you can reduce the height of the device due to its horizontal placement. Mostly core magnetic conductors are used when working with the most powerful transformers.
Armor design is the most common, it has one coil, which is very convenient to wind. It can be used for low-power and medium-deep devices, which are most often available to radio amateurs.
The toroidal construction of the wire looks like a ring, on which the windings are wound. Of all three designs, magnetic radiation in this case is minimal. This design is used infrequently, as winding may be difficult.
We will consider below, what should be taken into account when calculating armor and toroidal type transformers. Let's start with the calculations for transformers with armored magnetic circuit. The key purpose of the calculation is the optimal use of the device.
The main parameter of the calculation is voltage. The output current is also calculated, and after determining the results, a decision will be made, whether the theater is suitable or not.
The initial data are as follows:
- Frequency.
- Input and output voltage.
- Output current.
- Dimensions of the magnetic wire.
All measurements are made in centimeters. And as a separator of integers and fractional numbers the point is applied, when you perform calculations using special programs. Enter the output voltage and calculate the data.
Initial data for calculations of toroidal transformers
so, we found out, what initial data should be used when calculating the parameters for transformers with armored magnetic wire. And now let's find out, what data should be used to determine the performance of the toroidal structure:
-
The voltage of the primary and secondary windings. This figure is equal to U 1 = 220 B and U2 = 36 In accordingly.
- Secondary winding current indicator 4A.
- Core diameters - outer 110 mm and internal 68 mm.
- His height, which is 60 mm.
so, when you have the initial data for the calculation and you have found the appropriate online calculator for their implementation, then you will be able to get the optimal calculated values for a particular magnetic wire, what your transformer is equipped with.
However, this happens very often, that wire with a diameter, which is one hundred percent consistent with the calculated indicators, it just doesn't happen. To solve the problem, you can use a wire with a diameter, slightly less than the ideal figure.
And if you take the wire, the diameter of which will be slightly larger, then the windings may simply not fit in the window of the magnetic wire.
Features of transformer calculations online
Calculations of indicators with the help of special online calculators are good topics, which can significantly reduce project development time, and do experiments with parameters.
Such programs are very easy to use, they will help you calculate everything easily and quickly, all you need to do is fill in all the cells and press the miscalculate button.
Thanks to the programs you can more easily design transformers for different voltages and capacities, as well as learn, how exactly this device works and what it consists of.
Usually, the fields of the program have different colors:
- Light blue fields are the initial calculated data.
- Yellow cells - data, which are automatically selected from the tables.
- Green field is the final value.
If you check the box to adjust the value, then the yellow field becomes light blue and you can make your own meaning there.
The benefits of online transformer calculators are as follows:
- no need for independent complex calculations;
- the ability to wind the device for certain purposes;
- the ability to determine the parameters of the core size;
- the ability to calculate the parameters in simplified mode;
- anyone will be able to cope with the calculations, even a novice radio amateur;
- availability of instructions;
- the calculation is performed by pressing only one button.
Now you should not be afraid of the difficulties of calculating the parameters, if you took an old transformer for work, because thanks to special programs, you will be able to calculate all the parameters, which will allow you to use it safely.
Naturally, that wires of the ideal sizes will be difficult to pick up, so you need to choose those, which are as close as possible to the desired size.
