Machinery

What are the types of sewing machines

March 27, 2020

Why the average user needs information about the species diversity of sewing devices? Then, to pick up the really necessary device. This knowledge will save the budget from unnecessary financial costs - knowing the types of sewing machines, when buying you can focus only on current production needs.

Type of sewing machine control

What are sewing machines? There is a general division of such techniques, which includes three types:

  • working on a mechanical principle;
  • electromechanical models;
  • computer-controlled devices.

mechanical models

From the name it is clear, that this option works due to manual impact on all structural elements. Almost all of them are old-fashioned devices, however, even on nineteenth-century machines, it is quite possible to sew, having previously adjusted the equipment.

The principle of operation of a mechanical typewriter is predictable - mostly, such a device is able to sew only in a straight line (these are mainly Podolskaya or Singer models). There are among them as a manual, and foot drive. There are among the mechanical heroes and those, who are able to work with the string "zigzag", example, "Seagull".

The advantages of such machines include that, that they almost never break. A significant disadvantage of working with them is the limited functionality and the requirement to adjust to each type of fabric.

electromechanical assistants

This technique refers to most modern devices. Unlike mechanical analogues, the electric drive located in a pedal takes part in their work. The electromechanical machine is endowed with many talents: it is able to perform a large number of different seams, sew on buttons, darn and even make loops. The choice of strings can be made using a special wheel.

Popular brands of such devices are Bernina, Janome, Family, Brother Pfaf, Juki, Singer and others. Prices for such models are quite affordable for the average consumer. An example of this is the Brother LS-2125 - it can be purchased at 7300 rubles. Fourteen sewing operations, the ability to work with secret and elastic strings make the model the right purchase for seamstresses of any level.

Sewing mini-computer

Devices, having software, declare the unlimited functionality of their capabilities. Each such device is a mini-computer with a microprocessor. For user convenience built-in screen. But the variability of capabilities in many of the models "exceeds" a hundred. It is impossible to be mistaken with such device - the system will give the recommendation on fabric selection, puncture force.

Among the proven models stand out brands Bernina, Brother and others. The cost is many times higher - from 20000 rubles, but in this case, it is offset by the ability to perform more complex elements (up to recording the sequence of steps and embroidery).

Example, popular Janome DC 4030 will cost in 22500 rubles. Management is completely electronic and includes 30 sewing operations and the ability to work with quilting, sew paws and hem.

Janome DC sewing machine 4030

More expensive models also imply the presence of an embroidery unit, which makes the machine simply an indispensable device. Here is a completely different level of assembly and production of parts, and electronics are invested in about two-thirds of the cost of the device.

Classification by other key criteria

It is necessary to work with fabrics of the most various textures - they differ in extensibility, density and other criteria, specified in the requirements for sewing devices. And this applies, in the first place, stitch - it must meet the extensibility of the processed piece of fabric. Failure to do so will simply break the threads. Options for weaving threads divide the device into:

  • shuttle (working shuttle trails);
  • chain (chain weave).

    There are even statistics, which indicates, what 76% all work is performed on shuttle equipment, 24% - on chain devices with different number of threads.

    • The next parameter is the number of needles. In this case, the classification of sewing machines divides them into the following devices:

    • single-needle;
    • with two threads;
    • triangular;
    • multi-needle.

    Sewing machines also have their own specialization, which divides them into universal and special devices.

  1. Versatility helps devices perform a wide range of operations. By the way, in particularly "advanced" models, the qualification of the operator plays an important role.
  2. Special devices are created on the basis of universal devices. To make it easier to perform certain functions, they are provided with certain devices.

Special column sewing machine

Machines are also classified according to the method of work automation. In accordance, units are on:

  • automated devices;
  • non-automated;
  • semiautomatic devices;
  • machines.

The technological aspect also affects the classes of sewing machines:

  • straight-line grind;
  • work in a zigzag string;
  • Marginal (grinding-obmetochny option);
  • to perform secret strings;
  • hinged semiautomatic device;
  • semi-automatic, sew on buttons;
  • semi-automatic, which manufactures fasteners and fittings;
  • long-stitched semi-automatic machines;
  • apparatus for embroidery and decoration.

Electromechanical sewing machine BROTHER X-7

The speed of work is also relevant. In this regard, the division is into the following options:

  • operating at low speed (the main shaft of the device rotates with a frequency of up to 2500 min-1);
  • models with average speed capabilities (range of rotation 2500 — 5000 min-1);
  • high-speed kits (with a higher frequency 5000 min-1).

The division into classes of sewing machines also affects the peculiarities of their design. Here are considered:

  • where the neck head is located;
  • how big the sleeve is;
  • how the platform is located;
  • type of platform.

The neck of the head relative to the user can be rotated to the left, left or be directly in front of him. Depending on this, and cars will be right-, left-handed or frontal.

The departure of the sleeve means the distance from the needle to the sleeve support:

  • the reduced variant is 200 mm;
  • normal departure (200 — 260 mm);
  • long-sleeved models mean more flight 26 cm (reaches even a meter).

Sewing machine JACK-60698-1

Devices are also classified in relation to the table cover, placing it on the level, above or below the desktop. Diverse and platforms, which are flat, hose, columnar or even special (made in the form of the letter P, And so on).

The main criteria for choosing a device

Choosing a device for yourself, it is necessary to be guided by the following criteria.

  1. Device power. Not every machine can work with dense fabrics such as coats or denim. This parameter also determines the strength of the puncture.
  2. Housing material and parts. Most economy-class devices have plastic "guts" - this is another step towards that, to buy yourself an expensive one, but a quality option.
  3. Be sure to pay attention to the type of shuttle. Vertically positioned will work much louder than its horizontal counterpart. Besides, on the vertical it will be difficult to see the remaining number of threads.
  4. As for the types of strings, then even professional seamstresses do not use all presented. But if the device will make a buttonhole in automatic mode, it should be chosen unconditionally.
  5. Finally, it is better to choose those cars, which are fully equipped with all sorts of paws and devices.

Functionality of various sewing devices

There are other types of sewing machines, which are designed for certain operations.

  1. An overlock is required for professional edging of the canvas edge. No imitation of such a line in the shuttle device is comparable to it in speed, nor on the quality of work. For starters, a four-thread model is quite suitable.
  2. Covers (Flat stitch sewing machine) forms a chain stitch - elastic and very stretchy. This is especially true when working with knitted fabrics. Models with two needles will be enough for the household level.
  3. The cover combines the functions of three devices - spreaders, overlock and grinding machine. For home use, this option is optimal. It is indispensable when working with underwear, grinding of rubber bands in sportswear, tasmi.
  4. Embroidery machines are the most complex of the existing ones. With the help of special programs and additional equipment, they help to create real masterpieces. It is quite possible to transfer even your own photo to the fabric, not to mention Quilting, patchwork, applications and even lace richelieu.
  5. The fur model is used at home much less often and is designed to work with fur products. There are also household models - quite compact and light. Externally, the device has a very interesting device: there is no looper, no shuttle, and only one thread. Instead of paws it uses clamping disks.

Speaking of types of sewing machines, be sure to remember this, that the device purchased for home use in any case can not be overloaded with unimaginable amounts of work - for this there are special industrial models. These options are designed to work with any type of fabric (in particular, models 22 class), but they need to be configured manually. It makes sense to buy a device with such functionality when starting your own business.