Ball bearings: main characteristics, diameters and sizes, execution options
Mankind has been using such products for centuries, as ball bearings. In ancient times, they had a primitive appearance. Nowadays, these products have been improved. In most cars, equipment and components use ball bearings.
History of origin
Bearing - detail, which was invented long ago. The first finds date back to the Stone Age, which can be considered as prototypes of modern ball bearings. At that time, ancient man already had the skills to drill holes in stone. Thanks to them, the first plain bearing was created. The forerunners of modern roller bearings in ancient times were wooden logs, which people used to move heavy loads. They were actively used in ancient Egypt, where with their help heavy stones were moved to the site of the pyramids.
IN 330 year BC, the first prototype of a rolling bearing was invented. It was invented by Dyad - an engineer, who lived in ancient Greece. Rolling bearings were used by Leonardo da Vinci in his inventions. Metal bearings, close to modern models, appeared in 1785 year. The homeland of their invention is considered to be England. Only at the end 19 century began mass production of ball bearings. This was largely due to the introduction of abrasive treatment.
If we talk about a turning point in the history of these products, then it is 1853 year. It was at this time that engineer Friedrich Fischer designed the first bearing bicycle. After some time in the 20s of the XIX century, roller bearings were widely used. Needle and tapered roller bearings appeared decades later.
Classification of bearings
Currently, bearings are understood to be parts of different diameters and sizes, made of metal, which are components of the support, providing support for various movable structures. If we talk about the main functions of the ball bearing, then it consists in the transfer from the moving node to other structural elements of the load with less resistance.
There are now several varieties of these products, differing principles of work. Based on this criterion, they are divided into the following types:
- rolling;
- slip;
- gas-dynamic;
- dynamic;
- magnetic.
In the engineering industry, the most common are two types of these products:
- rolling;
- slip.
Next we will consider in detail, which device has a ball bearing.
Speaking of its design, it is necessary to note two rings, act as the main elements. in addition, an integral part of such products is a rolling body and a separator. Note, that some bearings do not have a separator.
Rolling bearings of various diameters and sizes, which are deprived of a separator, has a high load capacity. However, they have low speed characteristics. Rolling tracks in such products are located on the side surface of the ring, as well as inside it. When the products work with it, the rolling body moves.
Classification of rolling bearings
Rolling bearings can be classified into several types. Based on this parameter, as a type of rolling, these products are divided into ball and roller.
By this criterion, how loads are perceived, these products are divided into the following types:
- radial;
- radial persistent;
- persistent.
According to this parameter, as the number of rows of rolling, these products are divided into:
- single-row;
- two-row;
- multi-row.
The state standard divides these products into 11 types. Important characteristics are the outer and inner diameter, thickness. The quality of workmanship is of great importance, as the efficiency of the car depends on it, efficiency and duration of service life. Contact machines are now most often installed on modern machines, and next to them and contactless bearings of different diameters and sizes.
The main types of products
Deep groove ball bearings are a part, which has a wide range of applications. They can be used in conditions, in which it is not possible to apply persistent modifications. These products are designed for radial loads. in addition, they are able to perceive axial loads of small magnitude. One of the features is good speed. However, they do not withstand skew shafts. exept this, they have a low load capacity. If we talk about the leaders in the production of these products, such are companies from Sweden and Japan.
Stubborn ball bearing - these are products of a certain diameter, designed to work under axial load. This type of ball bearings does not withstand radial load. They are characterized by high speed qualities, however, their load capacity is quite low.
The bearing of a persistent look single-row
One of the features of such products is, that they can be operated at low loads and low speeds. The state standard divides this type of product into single and double.
Radial persistent are similar in structure to radial. The main difference between these products is, that they must work simultaneously with the axial, and with radial load. If these conditions are not met, then such products will be impossible to operate. When used, they provide good speed.
I must say, that these products can be combined into duplexes and triplexes. This allows them to withstand axial and radial loads simultaneously. This variety is widely used in the manufacture of machine tools and in the automotive industry.
Double row deep groove ball bearings
IN 1907 year this type of product was invented. Sven Wingqvist became the inventor of this kind of product. He later became the founder and chairman of the Swedish company SKF. Thanks to his invention, it was possible to transfer all the power from one steam engine to looms, located in the shop. The basis of the invention created by the engineer was a ball bearing. However, the product had some differences. The main thing was, that it had a spherical surface, located on the outer ring. This provides the possibility of its functioning tides. Due to this, he could work when bending and skewing the shafts.
Spherical ball bearing
Products of this type are characterized by a high degree of susceptibility to radial loads. in addition, such a product, which could be a certain diameter, able to withstand only minor axial loads. The name of these products is due to the presence of an outer ring on their inner surface, has a spherical surface. The sphere processed by a sphere provides a possibility of a product of self-installation. These products can be used in units, equipped with rigid shafts.
Manufacturing and prices
Manufacture of such products, as ball bearings is a rather complex technological process. It includes several stages. The most difficult can be considered the manufacture of the balls themselves.
The first stage is stamping of blanks. Steel wire is used for their formation. After that, the workpieces are run-in, to give them a spherical shape and a certain diameter.
The second stage - processing of balls before hardening. During this stage, the abrasive treatment of the balls. After that, the pelleted balls are subjected to heat treatment.
Grinding balls is the final stage of production. This procedure is performed on a grinder. When the operation is complete, finished products are sent for washing. After that their control is carried out. Then sorting by selection groups depending on the diameter is performed, followed by packaging.
The need for ball bearings of different diameters is quite high today. At consumers, who are interested in purchasing them, of course, the question arises, regarding their value. I must say, that the price of ball bearings may be different. It varies in range from 19 to 6,5 thousand rubles. The price of the product is influenced by the brand of bearing, diameter and manufacturer.
Conclusion
Ball bearings are a popular product. Its use in machines and equipment, which provides high efficiency of its work. exept this, application of these products of a certain diameter allows to reduce resistance and other loadings at work of cars and mechanisms. The market offers a large selection of different types of ball bearings. Each of them has its own purpose. Appointment, brand, the diameter and manufacturer of these products also affects the price of similar products.
You need to understand, what, if you choose the products of a little-known company of the required diameter at a low price, then the quality of the products will be low. If you want to operate your equipment and machines without any problems, then when choosing ball bearings of a certain diameter should be preferred in favor of the company's products, which has long been operating in the market and has a good reputation.
