A canopy made of profile pipe in the yard of a private house or cottage can be built for a car, protection of alleys, recreation areas, pool, etc.. D. This design looks quite modern, easy, and also gives originality and uniqueness to the site. Because canopies must have sufficient hardness and strength, to withstand wind and other loads, then before their installation the calculation is performed and a detailed drawing is made.
From profile pipes it is possible to build a canopy quickly for any purposes
Preparatory work before construction
Before you start building a canopy is required:
- perform load calculation (if necessary);
- make a design drawing;
- prepare the necessary tools for work;
- buy materials.
There are several types of canopies made of profiled pipe, which you can collect with your own hands, namely: odnoschily, two-story and interior partitions. Type and shape of the structure, which will display the corresponding drawing, depend on the desire of the user and the amount of free space on the site.
pay attention! The fastest in terms of construction speed and compact in area is a one-slope option.
Drawings and calculations of a canopy from a profile pipe can be made as own, and with the help of a special program. To maintain accuracy, it is better to be at the site of future placement of the structure.
The approximate calculation of the size of the building is based on the following initial data - the house 6 X 9 m, in front of its free side there is a free area 7 X 9 m. Let's plan a canopy on all wall of the house (T. E. 9 m), departure size - 6 m ( on 1 m shorter than the site). So, the area of the canopy is 6 X 9 m.
The optimal height of the raised edge - 3,5 or 3,6 m, low - 2,4 m. The difference in height of the slope allows you to calculate the angle of its inclination - 12-13 degrees. Probable loads are determined by wind and snow maps of the area. Based on these calculations is a detailed drawing of the canopy.
A one-slope canopy resting on the wall of the house will require a minimum of materials and effort
The main elements of the canopy and pipes for them
In the general case, the canopy as a spatial structure consists of such elements:
- base plates and mortgages;
- arches;
- racks;
- farms;
- guides;
- roofing;
- some additional elements, example, lighting and drainage systems.
Columns or racks can be made of profile pipes, although it is possible to use ordinary products with a round cross section. A significant disadvantage of the latter is the more complex configuration of the fastening elements and support units.
The square shaped profile pipe is ideal for connecting structural parts, located at right angles. It is important to take into account, that such a section is able to provide equal rigidity in the transverse and longitudinal directions. When installing the arch, double-slope or single-slope canopy of profile pipes welding is used, bolts or connections.
For the manufacture of trusses or girders it is better to take pipes of rectangular configuration, because they experience a significant transverse load, T. E. From top to bottom. At the same time there is almost no effort along the axis.
The base of the canopy should be built of square pipes
Pipe strength characteristics
To build a canopy and perform all the necessary calculations, it is important to determine the characteristics of the pipes. The corresponding values for the products of square sections are given in the table.
Table 1
| Flight length, m | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| pipe parameters | Maximum load, * 10 kg | |||||
| 40х40х2 | 70,9 | 17,3 | 7,2 | 3,5 | 1,6 | 0,5 |
| 40х40х3 | 94,9 | 23,1 | 9,6 | 4,6 | 2,1 | 0,6 |
| 50х50х2 | 116,5 | 28,6 | 12,0 | 6,1 | 3,1 | 1,4 |
| 50х50х3 | 161,5 | 39,6 | 16,7 | 8,4 | 4,3 | 1,9 |
| 60х60х2 | 171,4 | 42,2 | 18,0 | 9,3 | 5,0 | 2,6 |
| 60х60х3 | 239,3 | 58,9 | 25,0 | 12,9 | 6,9 | 3,5 |
| 80х80х3 | 449,2 | 111,0 | 47,8 | 25,2 | 14,4 | 8,2 |
| 100х100х3 | 747,3 | 185,1 | 80,3 | 43,0 | 25,3 | 15,2 |
| 100х100х4 | 921,7 | 228,3 | 99,0 | 52,9 | 31,0 | 18,5 |
| 120х120х4 | 1372,6 | 333,9 | 148,4 | 80,1 | 47,8 | 29,6 |
| 140х140х4 | 1906,2 | 473,6 | 206,9 | 112,5 | 67,9 | 42,9 |
Maximum loads for rectangular pipes (based on the larger of the parties) are given in the table.
Table 2
| Flight length, meter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Pipe dimensions, mm | Maximum load value, * 10 kg | |||||
| 50х25х2 | 68,4 | 16,7 | 6,9 | 3,4 | 1,6 | 0,6 |
| 60х40х2 | 125,5 | 30,8 | 13,0 | 6,6 | 3,5 | 1,7 |
| 80х40х2 | 191,1 | 47,1 | 20,2 | 10,5 | 5,8 | 3,1 |
| 80х40х3 | 267,2 | 65,8 | 28,1 | 14,6 | 8,1 | 4,3 |
| 80х60х3 | 358,3 | 88,4 | 38,0 | 19,9 | 11,2 | 6,2 |
| 100х50х4 | 548,9 | 135,7 | 58,5 | 30,9 | 17,6 | 10,1 |
| 120х80х3 | 785,4 | 194,7 | 84,6 | 45,5 | 26,9 | 16,4 |
Calculation of parameters of racks of a design
To select the parameters of the racks, a preliminary calculation of the loads is made and a drawing is made.
pay attention! The width and thickness of the wall depend on the length of the pipe and affect its rigidity. Example, you can use a thin-walled product with a larger shelf width or thicker with a smaller cross-sectional value.
Supports must be placed at equal distances, so that the load on them was uniform, and the whole structure is stable
It is important to consider, that vertical load, perceived as resistant to canopy floors, small, therefore even a thin profile pipe is able to withstand it without deformation. The drawing of the canopy of profile pipes must include the exact dimensions of all columns.
For a design of average dimensions products with section from will approach 50 to 100 millimeters. In the case of more frequent arrangement, the size of the pipe can be reduced. If a one-slope canopy has four supports, it is better to use products of larger cross section.
Farms as structural elements
Farms are additional connecting elements of the canopy structure, giving it strength and stability. They need to make a separate drawing.
The norms provide for the implementation of calculations of the farm from the pipes for canopies, the angle of inclination of which from 6 degrees. It is better to start at least from 8 degrees. This is due to the fact, that the small value of the slope is prone to the accumulation of snow in winter on the roof surface. The values in are considered optimal 15-20 degrees. This slope is well suited for plastic roofing, professional flooring, roofing material, polycarbonate, slate and other materials.
There are such forms of such elements:
- triangular;
- trapezoidal;
- broken;
- rectangular;
- arched.
Additional girders can be installed within the farm, racks, braces and braces. They are supported in a combined way or CLAMP one end. Drawings should include not only dimensions, but also quantity, type of necessary materials. Because farms are assembled from hollow elements, the weight of the canopy frame will be relatively small. In the horizontal plane, they are fastened together by cross ties, made of profiled metal with a small cross section.
To secure the roof of the profile pipe are welded special elements - trusses
Next is the installation of the lattice of the beam, having a height 50 mm. It is intended for fastening of a roofing covering. The beam must be pre-impregnated with antiseptic composition or painted with a special paint, to prevent wood rot.
stages of construction
The main stages of construction work on the installation of the canopy are:
- foundation preparation;
- cutting of all materials, specified in the design drawing;
- making farms;
- assembly of side walls of the canopy;
- connection of roof trusses with ready sections;
- checking the correctness of the assembled structure with a tape measure and level;
- installation and fastening of a canopy on the prepared site and reliable fastening;
- treatment of metal surfaces with protective means;
- preparation of material for roofing, its installation and fastening;
- trimming of excess parts of the roofing material;
- landscaping of the surrounding area.
At the stage of preparation of the foundation the soil in those places is taken out, where it is planned to find support columns. A layer of rubble is laid on the bottom of each of the pits. Then the mortgage is set, having welded bolts for fastening of racks. You can also use reinforcement to give the canopy extra strength. In time, the remaining space is filled with cement mortar. The side walls are assembled by connecting the connecting trusses and support columns in the chosen way.
pay attention! If there is a one-slope canopy, then the side sections are installed on the foundation before the installation of roof trusses.
It is important to monitor the conformity of the design to the finished drawing and the verticality of the elements at all stages of the canopy. When preparing the material for the cladding, it is better to cut the sheets with a small margin. This will eliminate possible measurement errors.
The ground can serve as the basis for a canopy, filled with concrete or ready-made reinforced concrete slab
Selection of necessary materials and tools
Because the main requirements for profile pipes are stability and strength, then for bearing elements of a canopy it is necessary to take products with the minimum sizes of 80х80 millimeters. For additional details, a section of 40x20 mm is optimal.
The calculation of the amount of roofing material is based on the calculation of the surface area, which will be closed, with an increase in the obtained figure by 5%. Fastening is usually carried out by roofing bolts with gaskets. The canopy can be assembled by one of these methods:
- welding (requires electrodes and a welding machine);
- by means of threaded connections (fastening bolts and metal corners are necessary);
- with the use of special clamps.
It is desirable to paint a framework of a canopy for protection against corrosion. In addition to materials, such tool will be required for work: measuring tape measure, level to control the verticality of the structure, screwdriver, Bulgarian for cutting pipes, shovel for earthworks. For safety, it is best to carry out the entire assembly in gloves to protect your hands.
The design of a canopy can be made independently from profile pipes or to buy already ready. The canopy with their own hands will be much cheaper and will meet all requirements, if you clearly follow the method of its construction.