In our age of rapid development of innovative technologies, new types of materials are increasingly appearing, which are created for successful application in various fields. In this area, as the metallurgical industry, the creation of stainless steel has extended the life of many parts, equipment and machinery.
All stainless steel grades are durable, environmentally friendly and durable materials, therefore, their creation led to a new round of development of the metallurgical industry. The most common is the brand of steel 12X18H10T, and what are its properties and characteristics, we learn from the article.
Stainless steel 12Х18Н10Т
This brand is one of the most common for use in many industries. Chromium-nickel-containing titanium stainless materials of the austenitic group, have their own letter "A" and an additional number, which indicates the chemical composition, which is in the steel grade and applicability within this group. It is smelted in electric arc furnaces.
The main element in this alloy is iron, as well as many other elements, which form the rest of the alloy. The chemical element is chromium - from 17 to 19%, nickel within 9-11%, titanium close 0,8%, silicon content within 0,8%, sulfur-to 0,02%, manganese less 2%, copper to 0,03%, phosphorus about 0,035% and carbon to 0,12%. This chemical composition is regulated by GOST 5632-72.
Main characteristics
The main characteristics of stainless steel are greatly influenced by its constituent alloying components. This brand contains the most chromium and nickel, therefore, chromium provides its content to enhance the anti-corrosion characteristics of steel and the ability to passivate the metal.
The presence of nickel helps to belong to the group of austenites, this property is of great importance, as it allows the stainless material to combine manufacturability with a wide range of performance characteristics. The steel grade rolls well in hot and cold condition, has a high degree of corrosion resistance in aggressive environments, as well as in sulfuric acid.
Have a completely austenitic homogeneous structure at temperature, exceeding 900oC, carbon helps, which has a strong influence. Ferrite properties are given by other chemical elements. Intergranular corrosion helps eliminate titanium, which reacts with carbon and eventually forms a refractory carbide.
Silicon is responsible for the density of steel, and also increases the strength and yield strength of the material, but reduces the ductility of the metal, which complicates the process of rolling in the cold state.
Manganese helps to obtain fine-grained steel in the production process, it helps to slow down the growth rate of grain.
The alloy is actively used for welded chromium-nickel structures in cryogenic engineering and the high content of phosphorus can adversely affect the mechanical properties of the alloy, therefore, its content may not exceed the permissible norm. At low temperatures, the mechanical properties of the metal may decrease, if there is a strong primary isolation in the crystallization process.
The main advantages of steel include high ductility and toughness. Among the disadvantages - low resistance to corrosion in the environment with chlorine ions and sulfuric and hydrochloric acid.
Technical properties
The grade of stainless steel 12Х18Н10Т has the technical characteristics:
- Specific weight (density) — 7920 kg / m3
- Heat treatment - hardening 1060-1100oC (water)
- Temperature regime: forging - at the beginning of 1200oC, from the end of 850oC, crossing 350 mm cooled in air
- The hardness of the alloy is HB 10-1 = 179 MPa
- Weldability of metal - no restrictions, welding methods - RDS, KTS, ЕШК, preferably with subsequent heat treatment
- Cutting is possible only in the hardened state at HB 169 and ?h = 610 MPa, Ki tb. spl = 0.85, Ki b. st = 0.35
- Heat resistance: in air at temperature 650 ° C 2-3 resistance group, at temperature 750 ° C 4-5 resistance group
- Maximum endurance ?-1= 279 MPa, n=107
- Flock sensitivity - no.
Scope
The 12X18H10T stainless steel brand immediately became widely used in many areas. Here a lot depends on the degree of strength. It occupies the leading positions among other steel brands in the market of modern metal. Unique quality characteristics allow to apply it:
- in the food industry - meat, alcoholic, dairy;
- oil and chemical industries;
- fuel and energy sector;
- engineering.
With the help of automatic and manual welding, the metal is well processed, most often sheet stainless steel of this brand is used in welded systems in cryogenic technology. It is also used in the manufacture of heat exchange equipment - pipelines, high pressure steam heaters, equipment for furnaces and collectors, exhaust systems.
Stainless steel of this brand is used in the production of seamless stainless steel pipes, operating under high pressure and at elevated temperatures in the chemical, food and pharmaceutical industry. Due to the titanium content, it is not magnetized, and carbon gives it a high level of strength.
The unique combination of technical properties and characteristics of stainless steel of this brand made it very popular and in demand in almost all industries. Finished products, made of such steel, with high strength, they are durable, and its qualities are preserved for a long period of operation.