To make your own wind turbine power up to 1 kw, no need to buy special equipment. This problem is easy to solve, having an induction motor. And this power will be enough for that, to create conditions for the operation of individual appliances and connect street lighting in the garden at the cottage.
If you make a windmill with your own hands, then you will have a free source of energy, which can be used at its discretion. Any home builder is able to make their own wind turbine based on an induction motor.
What does a generator consist of??
Generator set, which will produce electricity, provides the following basic elements:
- rotor, which is equipped with blades, wind turbines, as well as the tail, that allows structures to be located against the wind;
- mast, in which stretch marks may be present or absent, required for rotor installation. Most often, the height of the mast is close 3-7 m;
- batteries, which usually act as lead starter acid batteries;
- alternating current generator, whose functions will be performed by an induction motor;
- adaptation, which allows you to monitor the process of charging the battery;
- transformer, for operation of which the usual electric network is used, has a power of about 600-1500 W;
- system, which provides protection against lightning strikes (grounding).
The principle of operation
Operation of self-made windmills is carried out by analogy with wind turbines, used in industry. The main goal is to generate AC voltage, for which kinetic energy is transformed into electrical. The wind drives the rotary wind wheel, as a result of which the received energy arrives from it to the generator. And usually the role of the latter is performed by an induction motor.
As a result of creating a current generator, the latter enters the battery, which is equipped with a module and a charge controller. From there it goes to the DC voltage inverter, the source of which is the grid. As a result, it is possible to create an alternating voltage, characteristics of which are suitable for household use (220 V 50 Hz).
A controller is used to transform AC voltage into DC voltage. It is used to charge batteries. In some cases, inverters are able to perform the functions of an uninterruptible power supply. In other words, in case of problems with power supply, they can use batteries or generators as a power source for household appliances.
Materials and tools
To make a wind turbine, it is enough to have an induction motor, which will have to be reworked. At the same time will have to stock up on materials:
- steel pipe, the minimum diameter of which must be 7 cm, used as a material for the mast;
- PVC or metal pipe, from which the shovels will be made. An alternative can be a wooden board, fiberglass profile, on which epoxy resin or ready shovels are put;
- concrete will serve as a material for support, although it can be replaced with wood and metal.
- drill with a set of drills;
- ripping saw, roulette, adjustable and gas key;
- steel frame, by means of which installation of blades and the generator with a rotary knot will be carried out;
- steel sheet, which will serve as a material for the tail;
- tool, with which the necessary details will be made;
- crutches and clamps - with their help installation of extensions will be executed;
- metal cable, the cross section of which should be 12 mm - on its basis and stretch marks will be made.
Characteristics and installation of the generator
The generator has the following characteristics:
- the minimum power of the installation is 1,32 kV;
- use of neodymium magnets in construction. They are needed to obtain the required electromagnetic electromotive force. Instead, a steel sleeve for magnets can be used, located on the rotor;
- the location of the magnets on the rotor must correspond to the established scheme. What is meant here, that the polar alternation of NS must be observed;
- even before you install the magnets in place, the rotor must be sharpened to a depth, corresponding to the thickness of the magnets;
- if you plan to place magnets on the rotor, then in some cases you can do without processing the winding. But still use the winding, containing wires of increased thickness, to benefit, as thanks to it improvement of technical parameters is observed. The greatest effect is shown by rewinding the stator, has 6 poles, which provides a wire no thicker than 1,2 mm and a maximum of 24 turns on coils.
Features of installation
Most often, the installation of the generator with his own hands is performed using a three-bladed windmill, reaching a diameter of about 2 m. The decision to increase the number of blades or their length does not improve performance. Regardless of the configuration option you choose, dimensions and shape of the blades, preliminary calculations must be performed first.
You must pay attention to this parameter during self-installation, as the soil condition of the site, where the support and extensions will be placed. The mast is installed by digging a hole no deeper 0,5 m, which must be filled with concrete mortar.
Connection to the network is carried out in a strictly defined manner: the first to connect the batteries, and they are followed by the wind turbine itself.
The rotation of the wind turbine can be carried out in a horizontal or vertical plane. In this case, the choice is usually stopped in the vertical plane, which is related to the design. Darya and Savonius models can be used as rotors.
Sealing gaskets or caps must be used in the design of the installation. Thanks to these solutions, the generator will not be damaged by moisture.
An open space must be chosen for the mast and support. Suitable for the mast is the height 15 m. At the same time, masts were the most widespread, whose height does not exceed 5-7 m.
Optimally, if the hand-made wind turbine acts as a backup power supply.
These settings have restrictions on use, as their operation is possible only in those regions, where the wind speed reaches about 7-8 m / s.
Before you start creating a windmill with your own hands, perform accurate calculations. In some cases, there are difficulties with the processing of nodes of the induction motor;
A windmill cannot be created without electrical modules, as well as conducting a series of experiments.
How to make your own asynchronous generator?
Although, you can always buy a ready-made asynchronous generator, you can go the other way and save, making it with his own hands. There will be no difficulties here. The only thing, what you need to do is prepare the necessary tools.
- One of the features of the generator is, that it must rotate at a higher speed, than the engine. This can be achieved in the following way. Once started, the engine speed must be determined. A tachogenerator or tachometer will help us solve this problem
- Having defined the above parameter, values should be added 10%. If, example, its torque is 1200 rpm, then for the generator it will be equal to 1320 rpm.
- To make an electric generator based on an induction motor, you need to find a suitable capacitor tank. And keep that in mind, that all capacitors should not differ in their phases from each other.
- It is recommended to use a medium-sized container. If it turns out to be too big, then it will heat up the induction motor.
- Capacitors should be used for assembly, which will be able to guarantee the required speed of rotation. Their installation must be taken very seriously. It is recommended to protect them, using special insulating materials.
These are all operations, which must be performed when installing a generator based on the engine. Then you can proceed to its installation. Keep in mind, that when using the device, equipped with a short-circuited rotor, you will get high voltage current. For this reason, to achieve value 220 V, you need a step-down transformer.