Surface grinding machine - construction, which lead to overheating of the gasoline or diesel engine, grinding methods
A surface grinder is a device, by means of which there is a surface treatment of metal products.
Grinding process
General description
This device allows you to grind a flat metal surface with high accuracy. During operation the cleanliness of the processed surface corresponds 9-10 class. This result is compared with the degree of roughness of 0.63-0.16 micrometers according to GOST 2789-73.
If additional equipment is installed on the surface grinder, it is possible to process not only flat and shaped surfaces. Surface grinders have recently become available, which allow to process cone-shaped elements.
Apparatus for flat grinding of metal are presented in various variants, thanks to which it is possible to work with details of various form. So, machine with a rectangular table, caliper and horizontal spindle is suitable for processing the periphery of the circle. It grinds well the end surfaces within, marked by the casing of the device. This type of surface grinding machines can be found in tool shops.
Universal tools with a rectangular table can have a vertical and horizontal spindle. The accuracy of grinding is not very high, but they are characterized by good performance due to powerful electric motors, large grinding wheels and increased rigidity of the structure. This is the difference between universal equipment and devices with a cross caliper.
CNC surface grinder
According to the degree of automatism, general purpose devices are divided into two categories:
- semiautomatic devices, support active regulation of the desktop device;
- non-automated.
Methods of grinding
Metal processing on surface grinding machines is carried out in two ways:
- end of a circle;
- periphery.
In the first case high productivity of work of the surface grinding machine is noted. With this type of grinding, the contact arc of the part and the device is described as insignificant. As a result, a sufficiently high temperature is created in the grinding zone, which in one way or another reduces the accuracy of the operation (circular feed significantly reduces accuracy). In addition, there are some difficulties with the removal of chips from the surface grinder.
Finishing the workpiece with the end of the circle
There are such grinding techniques using a surface grinder.
Multi-pass processing
The element is fixed on the surface and moves at a speed of about 45 meters per minute. The product repeatedly moves under the circle, which gradually goes deeper, until the allowance is completely removed. The last moves take place without a feed or with a small vertical feed.
Single-pass scheme
This method is used for devices with round tables, when the surface grinder goes vertically to the full depth in one pass. Due to this, one turn of the surface removes the entire allowance. If you want to remove a larger allowance with maximum grinding accuracy, it is better to take devices with three heads. They are suitable for work on large objects, where mass production takes place.
Bilateral way
The technique involves synchronous grinding of the two ends of the part. To completely remove the allowance, more than one pass is required. With this method, the main feed is due to the circular or rectilinear feed of the part, and cutting is carried out by rotating the tool.
Regardless, what type of peripheral metal processing is chosen, it will differ from the previously described techniques by low heat generation and low cutting forces. For this reason, the periphery of the circle is processed not too hard products. It should be noted that, that the productivity of end grinding is always greater, than the periphery.
There are the following methods of grinding the periphery of the circle.
Deep
With each move, a significant allowance is removed, moreover, the longitudinal feed rate in this case is minimal. Because of that, located at the end of the abrasive has all the difficulty of removal, the circle is erased fairly quickly.
With continuous supply mortise
Grinding is carried out in the case, if the treated surface is limited by the edges, and is also used to process items, in which the height exceeds the width. Transverse feed in this way is absent, the accuracy of the work is low. Wear is uneven, therefore, constant editing is required.
With transverse intermittent feed
With this technique, even large surfaces are treated qualitatively. The height of the grinding tool must always be higher than the transverse feed rate. Transverse reverse and deep feeding of the circle occur, usually, at the same time. This technique is characterized by high accuracy, it is used on surface grinders with a round table and a horizontal spindle.
Desktop surface grinder
The design of the surface grinding machine
Consider the design features of a surface grinding machine. The cast frame of the device is fixed on a curbstone, cast with the frame as an integral element. There is a hole in the middle of the frame, on the sides of which are the vertical guides. A carriage follows him, equipped with guides, necessary for manual or hydraulic movement of the grinding head. This arrangement is necessary to increase the rigidity of the unit.
Stable feedings of the surface grinding machine are provided due to kinematic short circuits, which are presented in the form of a screw and a rolling nut, as well as guides. Special automatic device, which is mounted on the front wall of the frame, provides vertical movement of the carriage and the grinding head. Another similar mechanism is installed at the rear, due to which there is an accelerated vertical movement.
Surface grinding machine, usually, contains the following elements:
- various locking mechanisms;
- fenced blocks;
- rebound device in case of failure of the grinding head.
These devices provide safety when working with a surface grinding machine.
