Machinery

The device and the principle of operation of the air conditioner or split system, their technical characteristics

May 22, 2020

Air conditioners and split systems of various models are already firmly entrenched in the life of modern man - today this home appliance is not considered a luxury, as has been the case in the recent past. These products are specially designed to create a favorable microclimate inside buildings in the hot summer, but many models can heat the room in the off-season. In principle, the device of the air conditioner is similar to the arrangement of individual blocks of split systems, the only difference is, that first, usually, have one case, and the second - two blocks. The principle of operation of the split system is similar to the operation of a standard household air conditioner window or floor.

construction

How the air conditioner is arranged, easy to understand, it is only necessary to study separately the components of the air conditioner: indoor and outdoor units.

remote unit

The design of the outdoor unit is very complex, because he manages the work of the whole system, based on specified modes, which are typed by the user manually. Its components are presented in the photo:

  1. The fan is responsible for blowing the internal parts.
  2. Radiator, in which the refrigerant is cooled, called a capacitor, it gives off heat to the outside air.
  3. The air conditioning compressor compresses the refrigerant and circulates it between the units. A description of the principle of operation of the compressor is easy to find on the Internet, therefore, we will not overload the article with unnecessary technical details.
  4. The automatic control board has the following placement on inverter class models, in others - all the electronics are located inside the indoor unit of the air conditioner.
  5. Complex design valve is installed only on models of class "cold-heat", when you turn on the heating mode, the principle of operation of the blocks changes mirror.
  6. Slice, which protects the fitting connection.
  7. Filter - protects the device from foreign particles, which could enter the system during installation of the product.
  8. Outer case.

viparnik body

Its design is not particularly complex.

  1. Durable plastic grille - through it the air enters the device, if necessary, she succeeds, opening access to all parts.
  2. Mesh or filter - its main task is to retain large particles of dust, suspended. Experts advise to clean it several times a month.
  3. Heat exchanger or evaporator - it cools the air flow before entering the room.
  4. Horizontal blinds, regulate the direction of air flow. The situation is regulated in two ways: manually or set the oscillating motion in automatic mode, then the flow of cooled air is evenly distributed throughout the room.
  5. Indicator panel, showing the modes of operation of the product, indicators indicate all problems, when the operation of the air conditioner becomes incorrect.
  6. Fine cleaning system, which consists of a carbon filter to remove various odors, devices for filtering fine dust, antibacterial and others.
  7. Tangential class fan - it promotes constant circulation of air masses in this room.
  8. Vertical blinds - regulate the flow of air on the horizon.

Microprocessor and electronics board, as well as fittings, to which copper tubes with circulating freon are connected, are not shown in the photo - they are behind.

The basic design of the air conditioner practically does not change - different models have specific modifications, but the introduced and indoor unit is always present.

Now you know what an air conditioner consists of, therefore it is possible to pass to brief acquaintance with the principle of concrete work of the conditioner.

functional nuances

Liquid substances evaporate when heated, actively absorbing heat from that surface, on which they are, and when condensate falls out, the reverse process takes place - this is the basis of the principle of operation of any air conditioning system. These products cannot produce cold, but only transfer heat from the refrigerated object to the street or vice versa, what happens when you turn on the heating mode. Heat is energy, and it cannot disappear without a trace or arise out of nowhere, its main carrier in air conditioners is refrigerant.

During cooling, the freon evaporates, its condensation occurs in the remote block, after, as compressed to a certain consistency, the refrigerant leaves the compressor. If the operation of the air conditioner or split system is configured to heat the room, then the opposite happens.

The power supply of the product comes from the mains, and users need to know, that to use such devices for space heating is quite profitable: consuming 1 kW of electricity, they transfer to the structure 3 kW of thermal energy and do not overdry the air.

Technical characteristics of household air conditioners consist of the nominal power of the product, which is spent on cooling or heating the interior. This design products are used in the off-season, but only at temperatures above zero - they can not be included in the cold. And heating occurs according to the special scheme: heated floor, creating a comfortable atmosphere for the feet.

Further, there is power consumption, air consumption, noise level, which is allowed in living quarters no more 34 dB. It is necessary to take into account the noise at the minimum and maximum power of the product.

The main characteristics of air conditioners take into account the refrigerant, used in the product - all devices use different types of freon from R-12 to R-410A, which consists of equal particles (50 on 50) R32 and R125.

Basic functions

For comfortable use, the household air conditioner has a set of functionalities:

  • cooling, for some modifications there is also air heating;
  • ventilation - of all the units of the unit only the fan is involved;
  • offline mode - the system itself controls all major functions;
  • dehumidification - there is a removal of excess moisture from the air;
  • cleaning - is carried out before it enters the heat exchanger;
  • temperature setting is a very useful feature, which allows its precise installation during cooling and heating;
  • fan speed - has several modes, which allow you to change the print quality;
  • direction - blinds regulate the direction of air movement, horizontal change the height, and vertical - side;
  • timer - allows you to set the exact time to turn on or off the air conditioner;
  • night mode - the built-in system of automatic control independently regulates speed of work of the fan, gradual decline / increase in air temperature by 2-3o.

Each model of household air conditioners has various additional functions, which are prescribed in the instructions for use of the product.

All kinds of additional fine filters, ionizers and ultraviolet lamps significantly improve air quality, inflated, but the cost of the product is also steadily rising.

What is the difference between air conditioning and split system

Many buyers ask, what is the difference between windows, floor products for cooling of rooms and systems like split? The second option is considered more functional and effective. Any split system has such advantages:

  • the evaporator can be located on the ceiling, wall or floor, at the same time is ideally suited to any interior of the room;
  • cooling is faster due to higher power;
  • cleans, moisturizes and ionizes the injected air;
  • during operation produces a fairly low noise effect on others.

For an apartment with a large area or a country house get multisystems with several internal evaporators and one remote unit, which facilitates the whole operation process for users. In addition, the appearance of the cottage does not spoil the large number of blocks of the same design, but with different noise effects.

The device and the principle of operation of the air conditioner are no different from the device of any split system, the only difference is in the specific nuances, so give an accurate answer, which technique better copes with the tasks is very difficult - each of them has its disadvantages and advantages, which determine the scope of their application .

The structure of window-type air conditioners has a unique design - one part of them is inside, and the other outside the window unit. With a monoblock floor version, they are similar only in design, T. TO. All components are inside one housing. Working parts - fan and compressor - make more noise, than in split systems, because they have these components in a separate block, located outside the room.

First, than to make a choice when buying such a product in your home, it is necessary to compare the technical characteristics of the cheapest split systems with similar parameters of the floor or window type of device - there are many positive and negative nuances of each type, therefore, to make a final conclusion is very difficult.