Due to corrosion and erosion wear of the facade of buildings is such a useful part of the apartment, as the balcony can collapse. To prevent this, many owners of the apartment by own forces or with the help of experts make strengthening of a plate and restoration of a handrail with the subsequent installation of a protecting frame. After all, if you do not take timely measures to strengthen the destructive structure, you can get rid of a great place to dry and store things, have a good time, etc.. d.
You will learn from the article, how to strengthen a balcony plate in the combined way.
Photo of a ruined balcony slab.
Who should repair the balcony?
According to paragraph "2c" of the RF document: "Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building", balcony stove and railing are public property, for which, depending on the method of utility management, the housing association is responsible (TVJ), housing construction cooperative (JBC) or other management organization. So, for the restoration of balcony structures should be addressed only to the organization, which is directly responsible for the common property of the house. According to the paragraph 12, of the above document, apartment owners are not prohibited from repairing public property on their own.
Options for mounting balcony slabs, their characteristics and possible methods of recovery
For the effectiveness of the reconstruction of balconies, it is necessary to study their characteristics and methods of attachment to the building. Often the balcony and loggia for the average person are the same concept. But in fact - these are two different in construction. Balcony with (Old German balko - beam) - a plate with a railing protection, protruding beyond the facade of the architectural structure. Loggia (from the Italian loggia - covered gallery) - unheated niche in the building, with open side (parties) and supporting elements such as columns, arches, plates, etc.. d. Since the design, of the sites considered above, significantly different from each other, in the article repair of a loggia is not considered.
Options for mounting balcony slabs.
By design, balconies are divided into:
- Cantilever (a) - reinforced concrete slab thickness 90 — 120 mm, is located outside the facade of the building and fastened between the load-bearing walls. The method of mounting such a structure is called clamping.
Balconies of beam and console type.
The stove is installed at an angle to 10 degrees to the ground. In the absence of protection from precipitation, improper care, improper installation of the plate quickly collapses. Often cantilevered platforms can be seen in the houses of Khrushchev's building. In the part "Strengthening of a balcony plate in Khrushchev" the option of capital restoration of all elements of a balcony will be considered in detail..
- Beam (b) - beams are used as supports for the site, made of different materials (reinforced concrete, metal, wood).
Supporting elements during the construction of the house are laid in the load-bearing wall to a depth of at least 400 mm, or in the established wall the niche with the subsequent installation of beams is made. In the houses of the old building, the remote platforms are held by reinforced concrete models (decorative brackets). But since the brackets are corrosive wear of the reinforcing layer, which reduces its bearing capacity, balconies of this design quickly become unusable.
Photo of the restored beam-type balcony slab.
After the reconstruction and protection of reinforced concrete supports from destruction, the slab was widened and strengthened with a channel № 10, the whole balcony is additionally fixed by suspensions from a profile pipe, combined with elements of a railing protection and roof support.
- Invoices (v) - metal platform with railing, connected to the facade of the building with anchors.
Consignment note balcony.
The load capacity of such elements is not large, so, desirable, to establish a floor from a tree, and fill the free space with light things. Since the entire structure is held by an anchor, they should be periodically inspected for cracks, change of design position and corrosion wear. To extend the service life of the structure, the elements of the balcony must be periodically protected with anti-corrosion coating. In cases of damage to the mount, need next, at a distance 80 — 100 mm, install a new anchor. At insignificant defects of a skeleton, worn elements are restored with additional stiffeners.
When the wear of the metal structure exceeds 50 %, the balcony is considered emergency. The place of movement of pedestrians under it is fenced off before erection of a new design or dismantling of emergency.
- Suspended (p) - the balcony plate is held by overhead brackets, most often in the form of a right triangle, attached to the wall with anchors.
The support can be placed under the stove, then the hypotenuse will perform the function of support, or over the stove, the hypotenuse acts as a suspension. In the first case, the structure will work in compression, in the second tensile. More often strengthening of a balcony plate is carried out by means of suspension brackets, as neighbors of the lower floors do not allow the space to fasten brackets of supporting type, violating the interior of the balcony.
Maintenance, measures in case of wear - similar to those listed for overhead balconies.
- Additives (d) - the platform rests on columns, walls, placed on the foundation.
Construction elements are made of wood, iron, etc.. d. The main load falls on the vertical supports and the foundation, these elements are designed to maintain the design capacity, taking into account the margin of safety. It is not desirable to attach the plate to the facade of the building, and as in the shrinkage of supports, in a bearing plate overturning efforts can arise. With proper care, the design is reliable and durable.
In the process of overhaul, the supports and handrails are replaced, strengthening the foundation and sites.
Consider in detail, how to strengthen a balcony slab of console type on an example.
Strengthening the balcony slab in Khrushchev
Combined method of attaching a balcony slab to the facade of the building.
The photo shows a version of the repair of the balcony slab in the building of Khrushchev's building. According to the project, the site is attached to the brick house by clamping. Beams are used as clamping supports, loaded with brick. To restore the integrity of the balcony slab, to increase the load-bearing capacity, a combined method of fixing the platforms and handrails to the walls of the house was used.. That is, the technique was used, inherent in beam and suspension systems.
Due to the unsatisfactory condition of the structural elements of the balcony and the height of their placement, works were performed from scaffolding. Since the design has standard dimensions, used parts were made in advance.
Photo of a fortified balcony slab in Khrushchev and elements of the balcony.
Strengthening of a balcony plate is carried out by such technology:
- The unreliable railing is being dismantled.
- Reinforced concrete slab is cleaned of destruction, corrosion wear.
- In the end part, fastening of a platform to a wall, niches for installation of beams of channel type are cut down.
- Channel вста is inserted on the protruding longitudinal part of the plate 10, in a niche beams are got, and all elements, formed reinforcing belt, welded together.
- A fence is attached to the channels, made of metal rod of cross section with a diameter 10 mm and square profile size 20 X 20 mm, stripes 30 X 3 mm and corner 30 X 30 mm
- To the brick wall with anchors 12 X 200 mm metal scarves are attached and welded to the lower outer corners of railings and channels.
- The scarves are connected to the rod suspensions with a diameter 30 mm.
- A thick metal sheet is attached to the reinforcing belt from the bottom of the plate 3 mm
- The floor covering is restored by means of a coupler. In cases of heavy wear of fittings platforms, additional laying of reinforcing rods with the subsequent pouring by concrete is carried out.
- All metal parts of the new product are cleaned of rust, degrease, are based and covered with an anticorrosive covering.