Varieties of drilling machines: review of stationary and mini devices, advantages and disadvantages
Drilling table machine and other types of drilling devices are designed to obtain in the solid material blind and through holes. exept this, they can be used for milling operations, countersinking, threading, drilling and some others.
Classification of drilling machines
Drilling devices, according to the accepted classification, is the second group of metal cutting tools. According to their purpose, drilling machines are divided into the following types:
- special;
- universal;
- specialized.
By automated devices are specialized, capable of producing certain technological processes. They can be configured to drill multiple holes in specific cases. These include almost all domestic machines and, usually, they are equipped with many special devices and tools, which focuses them on use in large-scale and mass production.
Universal devices make it possible to perform any technological work, associated with drilling holes and their processing - turning and boring, milling-turning-boring, milling and boring, etc.. D. Universal equipment is used by many small manufacturing companies, enterprises and individuals (Desktop mini drilling machines can often be found in home workshops).
The whole classification of the universal tool is divided into:
- horizontally drilling and horizontally centering;
- vertically drilling. Can be with drilling diameter 2-11 mm (easy), with a diameter 18-50 mm (medium), with a diameter 75 mm (heavy). Any desktop machine by its characteristics belongs to the class of light;
- radial drilling machines. There are stationary, mobile, equipped with swivel heads and others.
Special types of machines are made to perform a limited number of operations in a particular part. Usually, they cannot be reconfigured to work with other parts.
CNC drilling machine
Need to add, that radial drilling equipment or other type of machine (example, magnetic or drilling and filler) can be equipped with a CNC system. The CNC equipment in marking has special designations, which describes the special characteristics of the device. Naturally, that household mini machines are not equipped with CNC, there is no need for this.
Equipment without CNC is divided into:
- with mechanical and manual feed;
- semi-automatic;
- automatically;
- automation.
exept this, machines have recently been replenished with a large number of new specialized and special devices, among them can be distinguished:
- combined turning-milling-boring and multifunctional milling-turning-boring center;
- magnetic innovative machine;
- woodworking filler-drilling machine.
Types of drilling machines
Vertical drilling machine
Any desktop drilling equipment is vertical drilling. This group has a spindle, located vertically, intended for single and small-scale production. A certain desktop machine can make holes with a diameter 0,24-11 mm in any detail of small size.
These devices are installed on a workbench or on another stable surface, if this machine is used privately. With the help of bolts, they are securely fixed to the desktop. Quite simple, if necessary, make a desktop machine yourself - it will perfectly cope with the "household" tasks of processing small products.
The huge number of vertical drilling devices does not have much impact on their design. They are all equipped with a frame, foundation slab, spindle assembly, gearbox and speeds, drilling head and a number of other identical elements. On almost all devices, the working tool does not move mechanically, and manually. And the spindle on these units receives necessary for performance of work of rotation from the electric motor through a V-belt transfer.
Features of radial drilling equipment
The difference between radial devices and vertical ones is, that at first, the spindle is moved relative to the product, and on the second - the product is moved along the spindle. This feature is not accidental, since the processing of heavy products on the machine, its fixation and calibration take much longer, than bringing the drill to the part.
Also, this equipment can be equipped with many accessories, due to this, it performs not only basic operations, but also some special ones:
- boring holes;
- making large-diameter holes in large steel discs and metal in the sheets;
- precise grinding of holes in cylinders and valves.
But, the main thing, as you already are, most likely, understood, this machine is mainly used to work with heavy and large workpieces. At the same time, its universal capabilities are suitable for a variety of companies and topics, where mass production takes place and small repair companies.
According to the design features of the radial drilling machine can belong to one of the groups of devices:
- general purpose;
- mobile machines;
- with a column, which can move on guides, mounted on the frame;
- portable.
The radial drilling unit has a "special" spindle, it can move directly radially or in a circle of different radii. Thanks to this feature, any machine of this type can make a hole at the desired point of the product, regardless, where it is located. Described devices, exept this, characterized by the following features:
- change of speeds and giving is made by means of hydraulics, these procedures are as fast as possible due to the presence of special switching equipment;
- almost every machine has a large selection of spindle speeds and speeds, due to the presence of a powerful electric drive;
- on the spindle head are all the controls of the device.
Today, a magnetic machine - a small device - is gaining popularity, which is installed and fixed on the machine. This equipment is used to make large in diameter and deep holes in metal and steel structures, in large production machines and equipment, in construction equipment.
Magnetic drilling equipment is fixed to paramagnetic metal surfaces ten or more millimeters thick, otherwise it will not hold. At small thickness it is allowed to lay a steel sheet under preparation. Because the device with a magnetic sole is a modern device, you can even say innovative, it is equipped with electronic control systems, that automate the performance of work and prevent expensive equipment from failing due to negligence of the operator.
The magnetic machine is characterized by the following main indicators:
- power: the bigger it is, the higher the performance of the equipment, naturally, that low power mini drilling device has low performance, and units with a capacity of more than 1900 Watts can perform almost any operation;
- spindle speed: magnetic drilling device can drill very large holes without the risk of failure (more than ten centimeters), because it is equipped with a reducer, which reduces the speed;
- clamping force of the magnet: in some models it can reach a value larger 27 000 newton.
Adhesive drilling machine for woodworking
Today, furniture manufacturers often use woodworking auger-drilling machine, it guarantees the execution of ideal holes of the required diameter in the furniture. These holes come out without chips and have a perfectly flat surface. The filler-drilling machine is used to make holes through and deaf type, where the owners of shelves are further established, fasteners, furniture fittings and so on.
Drilling equipment may have a special design. It depends, for what purposes it is used. There is also a desktop mini drilling device for making a single, individual furniture in small workshops and private studios, who make cabinet furniture. There is also such a filler-drilling machine, which is designed for large furniture factories, which specialize in the production of a wide range of products with large orders.
Most modern drilling and boring machine is equipped with special cutting devices, many quick-release cartridges, several machining heads. This guarantees a high speed of furniture production while maintaining high-quality holes.
Milling, turning and drilling centers
Concluding the review, which was devoted to drilling machines, let's say a little about multifunctional and combined milling-turning-drilling centers, which, by and large, are multi-spindle devices, combining in its design the main advantages of drilling, turning and milling equipment. With their help they process not only cast iron and steel parts, but also products from aluminum-based alloys, brass, as well as superhard alloys.
We must not forget, that the presence of CNC makes the machine more expensive. But, if the device will be used for industrial purposes, then CNC is a very profitable investment, which will increase the accuracy and quality of many operations. Practice has shown, that buying computer equipment pays off very quickly. The most important thing is to choose the right device for all indicators, who will cope with the task.
