Electricity

Safety precautions when working with electrical equipment: general information and basic activities

January 3, 2020

Industrial electrical equipment requires special attention for that reason, that it contains many different elements in its device, contact with which can seriously injure a person. For this reason, it is important to follow safety rules when operating electrical equipment.

Electric shock

A similar situation may arise provided, will be if you do not follow the rules of safety during the operation of electrical equipment. A person can get an electric shock, when it interacts with the leading elements of the apparatus, on which the voltage passes. At that moment, when the discharge enters the body, man feels biological, electrolytic and thermal effects.

The greatest threat is the latter, as this leads to burns in various parts of the body, and ends with heating of blood vessels and blood.

No less dangerous is the biological effect, because in this case the irritating effect is felt by body tissues. This can result in the complete cessation of vital body systems.

As for the electrolytic effect, then it leads to the decomposition of blood.

Consequences of defeat

Electric shock can change a person's condition to varying degrees. The following factors are of decisive importance here, as:

  • High-voltage;
  • magnitude of current;
  • duration and frequency of current;
  • way;
  • general condition of the body.

Consequences of electric shock

Based on the results of research, then already at 1 mA a person experiences changes in his condition. As the current increases, a person may experience painful muscle contractions. If the current is 12-15 mA, then the person loses the ability to control his muscles, due to which he does not have the strength to remove the hand or other part of the body without assistance from an impressive source. Discharges in such a system have their own special name - non-releasing. If a person is struck by an even greater current, then this increases the risk of heart fibrillation, which means convulsive contraction. Obtaining a discharge value 100 mA is usually fatal.

Safety precautions when working with electrical equipment

The main point is that, that maintenance of devices should be carried out only by experts, who have undergone special training. Locksmiths or electricians for the repair and maintenance of electrical appliances are allowed to interact with such devices only if, that they have a good level of knowledge of PTE and PTB, which is confirmed by the results of the qualification commission. As for all other specialists, then they can work with the units only under the supervision of responsible persons. It is important for staff of any skill level to have knowledge of the identification of electrical safety signs.

Installation overview

First, what an electrician should do, which deals with repair and maintenance of electrical equipment - turn off the device, and until then he is forbidden to carry out any manipulations, which can lead to direct interaction with the leading parts of the device. If signs of an emergency condition of installation were found, it is necessary to immediately de-energize the elements, as well as to inform the responsible person about the discovered fact.

Conducting an inspection, the specialist must find out, whether there is a protective zeroing of cases, casings, frames and others pose a threat to the elements, and it is in working order. If at the time of touching the hand to the non-conductive elements, which are usually required when setting the heating level, signs of current appear, then on the basis of this it is possible to draw a conclusion about the violation of insulation and ground fault. The only right decision, which should be taken in such situations - disabling the installation.

Changing fuse inserts

If you refer to safety precautions when working with electrical equipment, then it clearly contains information, which set, that it is necessary to replace the burnt out elements, just making sure, that they do not receive voltage. In some cases, certain circumstances may prevent this requirement from being met. Then this work can be carried out in the conditions of load disconnection.

However, doing so is dangerous, considering, that there is a risk of the fuse insert burning during this operation. It, in turn, may cause an electric arc. Therefore, the specialist must take measures to protect against electric shock, for which this work is performed only with the help of insulating mites. Dielectric gloves should be worn on the hands, and for the eyes - special glasses.

Special cases

In accordance with safety precautions when repairing electrical equipment, it is allowed to start performing any manipulations only after that, how the voltage will be relieved. Although there should be exceptions. If you have a small amount of work, then repair work can be performed even under uncollected voltage. If you plan to repair devices with voltage up to 380 V, then a certain troubleshooting procedure must be followed. Only specialists can do this work, having the third group of admission on electrical safety. In addition, such work must be performed in the presence of another specialist, which has a fourth or fifth group.

Fire prevention

Safety precautions when working with electrical equipment clearly establishes, what tools and equipment can be used to troubleshoot. So, officially established list of tools, which can lead to a short circuit:

  • steel hacksaws,
  • rulers,
  • other devices.

All this equipment should never be used when accessing electrical equipment.

Reliable insulation of the handles is a must for the tools used. The employee himself, which is engaged in performance of repair, should be on the ground, does not have conductive properties. The same rules must be followed in that case, when installing electrical equipment.

Providing protection

Irrespective of the nature of the planned measure, the requirements of the current sanitary rules and norms must be complied with during its implementation., officially accepted deputies. chief physician and GOST. These standards define the maximum limits for the intensity of the magnetic field:

  • the electrical component must be in the frequency range 100 kHz-30 MHz - 20 In / m, 30-300 MHz - 5 In / m;
  • the magnetic component must meet the operating range 100 kHz – 1.5 MHz - 5 A / m.

To determine the intensity of the electromagnetic field, uses a special device IEMP-1. The place of installation of functioning generators should be a specially equipped room. Appliances, which are designed to heat dielectrics and metals, which can be installed in general production shops. However, certain conditions are important for their safe operation.

  • In the workplace, the radiation should not exceed the established limits.
  • Personnel should be protected from exposure, which is not engaged in maintenance of similar installations.
  • For situations, when it is necessary to perform heat treatment of dielectrics and metals, it is important to create exhaust ventilation.
  • That air receivers were reliably protected from heating by RF currents, they must be made of non-magnetic materials.

Staff protection

There are a number of measures, with which you can solve this problem:

  • Control of radiation intensity by magnetic field source, that does not allow to exceed the admissible level.
  • Use of personal protective equipment, as well as the installation of automatic alarms.
  • Protective screen device, an alternative to which may be the location of workplaces at a safe distance from radiation sources, as well as the use of remote control.
  • Choice of equipment for optimal mode, which will ensure the efficiency of its work and safety of employees.

Shielding method

In the case of induction heating systems, general shielding is usually used. An important requirement here is the placement behind the screen of the quenching inductor and the control panel. You can also do something else instead: create a block screen for each zone. In this case, the capacitor element must provide an appropriate form of execution, which must be made in the form of a metal mesh or chamber. When creating a transformer screen is important, that he had the performance of a steel casing.

In the manufacture of the element of the melting or heating inductor give it the appearance of a metal movable chamber. The operation of the equipment will be accompanied by the movement of the camera: as the temperature rises, it will drop, when the normal temperature is restored, the camera will assume its initial position. When creating a screen, you can give it the look of a still camera, equipped with a door. The latter will provide free access to the situation, when you need to replace the heating element.

Operational maintenance of electrical equipment

Within the framework of this activity, the following main measures can be identified:

  • Monitoring the mode of operation and condition of devices;
  • Providing information on the operation of equipment.

If as a result of scheduled inspection malfunctions of devices were revealed, then the staff must respond promptly and do whatever it takes to troubleshoot. In order to reduce the number of equipment failures, it is important to carry out maintenance and repair work on a regular basis.

An important point is to ensure safe conditions for any event in relation to functioning devices. These requirements are enshrined in the PTB, adopted by the decision of the Ministry of Electrification and Energy.

Rules

These mandatory guidelines include staffing requirements, which is engaged in performance of these or those works with the electric equipment. Every such specialist should know, to what danger he exposes himself when interacting with units, have the knowledge and skills to use TB rules within that framework, relating to the task entrusted to him. Every specialist must have an idea of ​​the technology of installation of electrical equipment, its debugging, using. exept this, he must have a clear idea, what elements make up its design.

Staff must have the knowledge and skills to provide pre-medical care to victims:

  • indirect heart muscle massage;
  • artificial respiration.

Familiarity with electrical safety signs is a must in the training program.

A special section of the PTB is devoted to applications. They pay attention to the operation of various electrical installations, representing switching devices, electric motors, rechargeable batteries, etc.

Conclusion

Working with electrical equipment requires a special approach, because the slightest error can affect the further operation of the device. Considering, that high voltage is applied to them, these installations endanger the health and life of the specialist. For this reason, it is important for everyone to know about the safety of maintenance of such devices. And therefore only specialists, possessing the necessary group of admission on electrical safety, can be engaged in maintenance and repair of electrical equipment.