Lathe 1K62, which was produced by the Moscow plant "Red Proletarian" for a long time (1956-1971 rr ..), well known to almost everyone, who is involved in metalworking. After the release of this model of lathe, which many can learn in the photo below, it was replaced by the 16K20 unit.
Universal lathe 1K62
Advantages of the model
Machine 1K62, as follows from its characteristics, belongs to the category of turning equipment of frontal type. In other words, it is suitable for turning and screw-cutting works with details of big diameter and small length.
At the same time, the 1K62 lathe is a universal device, whose technical capabilities ensure the implementation of the full range of turning operations. You can cut a thread on such a device, perform turning of disks and shafts of various configurations. What is important, all modes of operation of such machine are adjusted very simply. Due to the high rigidity of the lathe units of this model, provided by the use in its design of special bearings, on it it is possible to process details, pre-hardened.
The main components of the machine 1K62
Among the most significant benefits, for which the 1K62 machine is especially appreciated by professionals, and novice specialists, should include the following.
- Feed and rotation speed can be adjusted over a wide range.
- Kinematic chains of the considered lathe, its individual components and structural elements are characterized by high strength and rigidity.
- Using a tool with mineral-ceramic and carbide cutting part, on such equipment it is possible to carry out cutting of preparations effectively.
- Device design, equipped with a powerful drive, designed as follows, which can effectively counteract vibration loads.
- The standard equipment of this lathe includes replaceable gears, report movement from the front headstock to the gearbox.
- High-precision machining of parts on a lathe 1K62 can be done even in the presence of shock loads (their influence is compensated by special bearings).
- A special electric motor is responsible for moving the caliper of the unit, whose power is 1 kw. The output shaft of such an electric motor, provides fast movement of a support, rotates with a frequency of up to 1410 rpm.
- The rear headstock of the equipment can move in the transverse direction, that allows to use the lathe 1K62 for work with preparations, having the shape of a flat cone.
- The electrical circuit of the machine has fusible inserts and thermal relays, which protect it from short circuits and serious overloads during operation.
- The spindle unit of the lathe 1K62 is completed with heavy-duty bearings.
In those situations, when a drill is fixed in the rear headstock to form holes in the workpieces, it can be rigidly connected to the lower part of the caliper with a special locking device, in this case it can be moved by means of a mechanical drive.
Machine 1K62, the design of which was developed more 60 years ago, can be equally effectively used to perform as a force, and high-speed turning operations (this is not true of every modern unit).
Controls of the machine 1K62
Often in the process of turning operations there is a need to limit the movement of the carriage of the machine in the longitudinal direction. Technical capabilities 1K62 provide such an opportunity, a special emphasis is used for this purpose, which is fixed on the shelf of the frame on its front side. When using it, the speed of movement of the caliper is limited (not more 250 mm / min).
The standard complete set of the 1K62 lathe also includes two lunettes - mobile and motionless. Such technical devices, as you know, are used to exclude during processing of deformation of long preparations. Thanks to the movable lunette, fixed on the carriage of the machine, process workpieces with a cross section from 2 to 8 cm, and motionless, placed on the guides of the frame, allows you to work with details, having a cross section from 2 to 13 div.
Technical characteristics and passport of the 1K62 machine
All technical characteristics of the lathe 1K62 are presented below in the format of tables:
Download free passport of the lathe 1K62: Passport of the machine 1K62
Download a free manual for repair and maintenance 1K62: Repair of the 1K62 machine
Design features of the machine
Rear head of the lathe 1K62, consisting of a plate, housing with a landing hole and a pull-out quill, can move on the guides of the frame. Departure adjustment, fixing the quill and the back center, which are installed in the rear headstock, are carried out by means of the special handle. Landing hole in the quill has a conical shape, that allows to fix in it various tools: drill, scan, countersink, tap, etc..
Kinematic scheme 1K62 (press, to increase)
The gearbox of the 1K62 machine and its back headstock differ in simplicity of the design, which is based on a number of shafts (one of them is frictional). A pulley is placed on one of the gearbox shafts, to which the torque is transmitted from the motor of the device. in addition, the box has a friction clutch, different blocks (triple, intermediate, etc.), rolling bearings and bearings. A special oil pump is responsible for lubricating all moving parts of the gearbox.
Gearbox mechanism
Rear headstock 1K62
Longitudinal and transverse movement of the machine caliper is due to the drive shaft and the lead screw, the speed of which is regulated by the gearbox 1K62. In the design of this unit of the machine, which is responsible for the speed of the feed, you can select the following items: Norton's three-step block, it's raining, clutches are switched, locked gears, bearings.
The gearbox is located at the bottom of the equipment frame, which greatly facilitates its maintenance and repair. The shaft of this box is rotated by replaceable guitar wheels, by means of which it is also connected to the spindle of the device, which ensures consistency of spindle rotation and feeds, which are carried out by the support of the unit. The wheel moves along the shaft of the gearbox, at one end of which is a gear, and on the other - the handle, which can be set in one of ten positions.
Gearbox device
The most important element of the lathe apron is the uterine nut, which is in conjunction with the lead screw and provides longitudinal movement of the caliper. screw, which often fails due to wear, has the ability to self-adjust to the propeller, which ensures the accuracy of the movement of the caliper.
Machine apron, in which the rotation of the drive shaft and the lead screw is converted into a longitudinal movement of the carriage and the transverse - the caliper, works according to the following scheme.
- Rotation from the drive shaft is transmitted to the worm wheel by means of several sequential gears.
- Support movement, possible in four directions, is provided by couplings with end teeth, engaged in gear at the right time.
To engage the uterine nut and engage it with the lead screw, the handle is used, located on the front of the apron of the machine. Simultaneous operation of the drive shaft and the drive screw to inform the longitudinal movement of the caliper is excluded, for which a special shaft with cams is responsible.
Machine apron 1K62
The caliper - the most important device of the lathe - consists of such structural elements, as:
- upper sled, which are also called incisors;
- transverse carriage;
- lower sledges.
Movement of the carriage on guides of the bottom slide is provided by means of the screw and backlashless nut. The rotation of the screw can be transmitted by the handle (manual control) or gear (automated control). On the upper surface of the carriage there are circular guides with a rotating plate. Guides are also provided in the design of this plate, on which the four-position tool holder is established.
1K62 machine support
Characteristics of such knot and its design features allow to establish a rotary plate and, in accordance, tool holder with the tool at any angle to the longitudinal axis of the machine. For fixing of a rotary plate in necessary position in a carriage design special clamping screws are provided. Use such a device, if you carefully study the instructions for the equipment, maybe even a novice turner.
Other important components in the design of the machine
The design of the lathe also includes an electrical system, which can be found, having studied the technical passport of the device. This system consists of three electrical circuits with different characteristics:
- control circuit, which requires voltage 110 In and current with frequency 50 Hz;
- power chain, working from voltage 380 In and current with a frequency of 3 to 50 Hz;
- electrical circuit, which is used to ensure the operation of the lighting equipment of the machine, - High-voltage 24 or 36 V, current frequency 50 Hz.
Wiring diagram of the machine 1K62 (press, to increase)
The drive of 1K62 lathes is a 10-kilowatt electric motor, the shaft of which can rotate with frequency 1450 rpm. Although described in the passport for the equipment, how to start the machine and adjust all its characteristics, perform such procedures, without special knowledge and skills, not recommended. This is due to the fact, as kinematic, and electrical circuits of this equipment are considered to be quite complex in design.
Some models of lathes, which must be stated in their passport, originally designed this way, that their power circuit can be powered by an electrical circuit with voltage 220 in It should be noted, that this is rather an exception to the rule, as the basic models of the lathe 1K62 assume supply voltage 380 St.. It is very important to make sure that you connect the machine before connecting it, that its neutral and grounded wires were carefully insulated.