Many experts know, that the 16K20 lathe was one of the most popular in the Soviet Union among devices of this kind. The reasons for this popularity are the versatility and technical characteristics of the machine of this model.
Appearance of the lathe 16K20
Areas of use and modifications of the 16K20 machine
You can download a free passport of the 16K20 lathe in pdf-format here: Passport 16K20
Screw-cutting lathe model 16K20 belongs to the category of universal equipment for processing metal parts. Its characteristics, Of course, do not allow them to replace milling equipment, but make it possible to use it to perform a whole list of specialized operations. To such operations, in particular, include threading of various types (metric, inch, modular, pitching), drilling, countersinking and other types of turning.
The possibilities of this lathe are as follows, that with its help it is possible to process preparations and from hot-rolled, and from cold-rolled steel. Before the appearance of this machine at the enterprises the model of the equipment 1K62 was used, which is much inferior to him in all its characteristics. So, to the advantages of the lathe 16K20 (compared to the previous model) can be attributed:
- operational safety;
- high reliability;
- the ability to process parts with high precision;
- simplicity and convenience of service;
- exceptional durability even at active operation;
- high performance.
16K20 lathe and screw-cutting lathes are used at enterprises, producing products singly or in small batches, as well as in tool shops, where such equipment can be used to perform as semi-finished, and finishing work.
From the design features of this lathe can be noted the following.
- The frame of the equipment is made in a box ??shaped and installed ??on a massive monolithic base, which gives high rigidity of all design. Accuracy of movement on a support caliper and the mobile back grandmother provide reliable guides, which are subjected to heat treatment and grinding.
- Depending on the type of processing and configuration of the workpiece can be fixed in the chuck or clamped in the centers.
- The cutter holder device is designed as follows, to ensure a secure fixation of the tool.
- High-precision spindles are used to install the spindle (precision) rolling bearings, necessary for the accuracy of its location and rotation.
- The design of the lathe 16K20 provides a number of locking and enclosing technical elements, which ensure the safety of work on it.
- Rulers with visors are installed on the machine to ensure the accuracy of processing, which can be controlled longitudinally, as well as transverse movements of the tool.
- It is possible to disconnect emergency supply of a support of the 16K20 machine by means of the special device, mounted on the apron of the machine.
The tool holder 16K20 on a support of the machine looks as follows:
Tool holder 16K20
Due to its versatility, reliability, simplicity of the device and service of the lathe 16K20 analogs of this equipment were issued at a number of domestic and foreign enterprises, where they were affected:
- MK6058 (6057, 6056) - Red Proletarian Machine Tool Plant in Moscow;
- 16В20П, 16B20 - Astrakhan Machine Tool Plant;
- ZhA-805 - Plant of automatic machines in Zhytomyr;
- 16B16 and modifications, Same 400 - Middle Volga Machine Tool Plant in Samara;
- GH-1840ZX ( Jet - Switzerland), CU402 ( "Vratsa" - Bulgaria), CD6140A ( Anhui Chizhou - China), BJ1630G, CS6240, CS6240 ( "Bochi" - China), CA6240B, CA6140A ( SMTCL - China).
- KA-280 - Vercon Plant in Kyiv.
- 16ВТ20П, 16VT20 - Vistan Plant in Vitebsk.
Technical capabilities and characteristics of 16K20
Screw-cutting lathes 16K20 (as well as their analogues) differ in the following characteristics.
- The spindle can rotate in the frequency range 12,5-1600 about / min.
- Processing of details is allowed, the maximum cross section of which is 310 mm above the recess, 400 mm above the frame and 220 mm above the caliper.
- Rapid movements in the transverse direction can occur at speed 1,9 m / min, longitudinal - 3,8 m / min.
- Technical possibilities of the lathe 16K20 allow to receive on it a carving with various parameters. Their step may be in the range: 0,5-56 (modular and patch), 0,5-112 thread per inch (inches), 0,5-112 mm - for metric.
- The length of the workpiece can be up to 2000 mm.
- Number of longitudinal and transverse feeds - 22 and 24 in accordance. The range of longitudinal feeds is 0,05-2,8 mm / about, transverse - 0,025-1,4 mm / about.
- Characteristics of the 16K20 machine allow to process preparations weighing up to 1300 kg.
- You can select one to rotate the spindle 22 speeds (direct).
- The hole in the spindle has a diameter 52 mm.
The kinematic scheme of the machine can be seen in the photo below:
Kinematic scheme of the machine 16K20 (press, to increase)
Depending on the length, referred to in the equipment passport, the weight of the machine 16K20 can be:
- 3685 kg (for the model with length 3795 mm);
- 3225 kg (3195 mm);
- 3005 kg (2795 mm);
- 2835 kg (2505 mm).
Engine power of the hydraulic station and the main drive of the 16K20 machine (on the passport and in fact) is 11 kw. In accordance, this figure is taken as the power of this model.
Controls of the machine 16K20
To start the 16K20 lathe, the operator must press the button, by means of which in the contactor coil the electric circuit is closed. In addition to the main button, a number of other elements are provided in the device of the machine, which control such equipment options:
- moving the equipment caliper and carriage at high speeds (control of this option is carried out by means of the so-called push button);
- stop engine rotation equipment;
- start and stop the coolant supply pump.
There is also a special relay in the electrical circuit of the 16K20 lathe, which serves to limit the amount of engine idling. The scheme itself can be found below:
Schematic electrical diagram of the lathe 16K20 (press, to increase)
Hand grips, located on the body of the machine, serve to solve such problems, as:
- choice of type of work performed: type of cut thread and feed characteristics;
- quill fixation;
- friction clutch control;
- moving the carriage and the longitudinal movement of the sled;
- the task of the thread pitch and the value of the feed for its implementation;
- disconnection of a transmission - for those cases, if the thread is cut directly;
- spindle rotation mode selection - number of revolutions;
- turning on and off the lead screw nut;
- button to start the input circuit breaker;
- choosing the direction of threading;
- selection of the mode for threading with a normal or increased pitch.
On 16K20 machines the lunette can be used, which is designed to prevent bending of the workpiece during operation, and also helps to fix it, thereby increasing the accuracy of processing. The lunette looks like this:
Lunette for the 16K20 lathe
Adjustment and repair of the 16K20 machine
The spindle headstock is installed on the 16K20 machine and is reliably fixed on its frame in the course of assembly of the equipment at machine-tool plant. However, often during the operation of the equipment it is necessary to make adjustments to this unit. For this, primarily, it is necessary to get acquainted with the description of the lathe 16K20 and the scheme of an arrangement of its knots, only then begin to dismantle the gearbox. After this, using an adjusting screw and focusing on special test grooves, adjust the position of the spindle along its longitudinal axis.
Some features of 16K20 repair can be seen in the video:
It will not be enough to read its description or photo to adjust the spindle bearings of the machine, Only qualified installers should be trusted to perform this task, who have relevant experience. It is very important to check before the procedure, how rigid the spindle assembly meets the required parameters, for which a dynamometer and a jack are used. Placing a jack under the spindle flange, some effort is applied to the node, and its rigidity is determined by that, how far the node deviated.
Although the 16K20 lathe is not only universal, but also very reliable equipment, the efficiency of its use and the accuracy of machining of parts decrease over time. In order to keep this lathe in working order for a long time and to restore its factory technical characteristics after active operation, a number of specific measures need to be taken. These include the review, maintenance, regular scheduled and overhaul.
machine 16K20
The so-called small repair of the 16K20 machine is most often performed, in the process of which the following tasks are solved.
- The cutter head is cleaned and washed.
- The units of the lathe and screw-cutting machine are partially disassembled, most prone to pollution: spindle head, gearbox, apron, etc.. After disassembly, the elements of these units are inspected for damage and thoroughly washed.
- If on a bed, back grandmother, the calipers and carriages are scratches and dents, then they are thoroughly cleaned.
- The efficiency and technical condition of gear couplings are checked, buttons and control knobs, protective devices of protective and blocking type.
- If signs of wear are noticed, then replace the bushings, elements for adjusting and fixing the owner of the tool.
- Carefully inspect and, if necessary, clean scratches and burrs on the clamps, adjusting wedges, slots and gears.
- The lubrication unit is washed and the leaks in it are eliminated.
- The tightness and efficiency of pneumatic units of the 16K20 machine are checked.
- Testing of the lathe after repair is carried out. At the same time check the following parameters: noise level, issued by the machine in the process of work, the degree of its heating, accuracy of processing of details and degree of purity of the processed surfaces.
When carrying out small repairs of the lathe 16K20 also carry out defecting of details and knots and write out those of them, which need to be replaced during the next scheduled maintenance.