Screw-cutting lathe is a device, which lead to overheating of the gasoline or diesel engine, video
With the help of any lathe, by means of which processing as metal can be carried out, and non-metallic parts, turning operations are carried out.
External thread cutting
Structural elements of lathes and screw-cutting group
Any lathe, belonging to the category of universal equipment, that allows to carry out the following types of processing of details from various materials:
- deployment of holes;
- turning and boring of surfaces of various configuration: shaped, conical, cylindrical;
- countersinking and drilling;
- processing of end faces and their pruning;
- threading of various types.
The universal lathe and screw-cutting machine of any model consists of standard knots and mechanisms, which include:
- caliper machine;
- front and rear headstock;
- box, provides speed control;
- bearing frame;
- spindle;
- electrical equipment;
- equipment cabinets;
- guitar gears;
- running roller;
- apron equipment;
- box, provides selection and change of feeds;
- the main element of the lathe, what distinguishes it from the usual turning model is the lead screw.
What is characteristic, structural elements of lathes of different models have not only the same name, but also the same location. Example, machines of this category, released by different manufacturers (including those with numerical program control), almost identical in design.
The main components of the lathe
Various handles and levers are included in the equipment of lathes to ensure control of all working systems.. Here, in particular, include:
- lever, due to which the change of spindle rotation speed is performed;
- governing body, responsible for choosing the options to cut the thread (step and feed);
- lever, which is responsible for choosing the step category to cut the thread - enlarged or normal;
- governing body, which determines the direction of movement of the slide (longitudinal or transverse);
- handle for controlling the upper sled;
- control element to enable and disable the propeller rotation;
- control element to select the direction to cut the thread;
- turning on and off the main engine;
- element, which is responsible for fixing the quill and automatically starting the longitudinal feed;
- so the ranks of the helm, which is responsible for moving the quill;
- control body of the supply parameters;
- control the parameters of the movement of the caliper;
- element, which is responsible for fixing the rear headstock;
- spindle direction control element, as well as its stop.
Screw-cutting lathe 1K62
Classification of universal lathes
Types of lathe-screwdrivers are distinguished depending on several parameters, which include:
- weight of equipment;
- maximum length of the part, which is allowed for processing on a lathe;
- the maximum diameter of such a part.
The length of the part, is processed on the lathe of this or that model, depends on that, which sustained the distance between the centers. If you consider the diameter of the workpiece, which allows you to process a specific universal lathe, then this parameter is in the range of 100 to 4000 mm. It should be borne in mind, that models of machines, on which details of identical diameters can be processed, may differ in the length of the workpieces.
Heavy lathe 1A670
Universal lathes can have different weights. So, according to this parameter, the equipment belongs to one of the following categories:
- heavy machinery, whose weight can reach 400 tons (on lathes of this category it is possible to process details with diameter 1600-4000 mm);
- machines weighing up to 15 tons (on such equipment it is possible to process details in diameter 600-1250 mm);
- equipment weighing up to 4 tons (with the admissible diameter of the processed details 250-500 mm);
- light machines, whose weight does not exceed 0,5 tons (on such equipment it is possible to process details in diameter 100-200 mm).
The lightweight universal lathe is a desktop model, which is used, usually, in home workshops or small businesses.
CU500 screw-cutting lathe
The most common types of enterprises with such lathes are:
- research and experimental sites of enterprises of various industries;
- enterprises, engaged in the production of watch movements;
- factories, producing instruments and control and measuring equipment.
Heavy-duty lathes equip enterprises in the energy and machine-building industries. Devices of this type are also used to process elements of special mechanisms and components:
- turbine mechanisms;
- to equip railway transport (wheel pairs, etc.);
- for a complete set of the heavy rolling equipment.
However, the most common are lathes, belonging to the middle category. It is due to the use of such machines you can perform semi-finished and finished metalworking operations, as well as cut threads of different categories.
Universal lathe, belonging to the middle category, has a number of significant advantages: wide range of feedings and spindle speeds, high structural rigidity and engine power, which allows you to perform a wide range of work with blanks of metal and other materials.
Medium category screw-turning lathes, in addition, are equipped with various mechanisms and devices, which significantly expand their functionality, allow to do processing with greater accuracy, make the work of service personnel more comfortable and safe. Such elements of additional equipment, which is convenient, allow to automate many processes of processing of preparations on lathe-screw-cutting machines.
Separately it is necessary to tell about lathe-screw-cutting machines with numerical program control (ЧПУ), which in Soviet times were produced simultaneously by several enterprises. Such machines, usually, enterprises were equipped, engaged in the production of a wide range of small series products. The device of the lathe of this type and the possibility of its quick readjustment makes it simply irreplaceable in those situations, when it is necessary to quickly move on to the release of parts of another modification.
Screw-cutting lathe 1M63
Basic technologies of processing of details on turning and screw-cutting machines
Turning equipment, usually, used for treatment of external surfaces of cylindrical shape. A pass-through cutter is used as a tool in such situations. The allowance for the length of the workpiece is usually from 7 to 12 mm. Such a margin of size is necessary for this, so that you can cut the workpiece to the desired length and perform processing of its ends.
To cut the end of the workpiece can be used several types of cutters - persistent, direct checkpoints and undercuts. To perform trimming and grind small ledges on the parts, persistent cutters are used.
The universal lathe also allows you to cut grooves of different depths on the parts. For these purposes, a special groove tool is used, and the procedure itself is performed at low spindle speeds.
Cutting of the finished product is performed on a similar principle. Finish the segment process at that point, when the diameter of the jumper at the cut reaches about 2-2,5 mm. At this point, the cutting process stops, and the finished part just breaks off from the workpiece.
