Grinding metal is not always done with a power tool. Sometimes files are used for such works, the main thing, pick them up correctly. This tool comes in two types - for work on metal and wood. Files, designed for metal, are more significant, than fellows, used for wood. This is due to the fact, that the metal surface is treated much harder than wood.
Such tools are made of very hard steel, and differ from each other in different shapes and sizes of notches. This diversity has led to this, that it is quite difficult for an ordinary person to understand that, for what purposes this or that tool is intended. To improve the situation, their classification was developed, which is still valid.
Features of a file
Though, that modern technology has reached great heights, a file was previously used for metal work. Its purpose is to give it the desired shape and size by layer-by-layer grinding of the surface of any part.
The file is a cutting tool. Its appearance is a bar, for the manufacture of which special grade steel is used. Its surface is cut according to a special pattern.
The tapered shank has a plastic or wooden handle. It is provided only for that, to work with the tool was convenient. If suddenly she takes off, then it can be easily replaced with another.
Types of notches
To choose the right file, it is necessary to determine the type of applied notch and the configuration of its teeth. The method is used for applying teeth:
- milling;
- drawing;
- notches;
- cutting;
- turning.
Tooth files are considered to be the most popular today, notched on special machines. Most notches are single or double. A single notch removes sawdust, which are equal in size to the teeth. It is very difficult to work with such a file, therefore, they are mainly treated with soft metals, wood and plastic.
The double notch is formed as a result of a combination of the main and auxiliary, which is performed at an angle to the main. Such notches grind shavings, formed in the process of work. Carbide alloys are treated with this file.
The size of the teeth depends on the size of the notches on 1 cm length of the bar - the less of them, the larger the tooth. Depending on the size of the teeth, the tool comes from 0 to 5 rooms. The largest teeth are marked with numbers 0 and 1, they allow you to quickly remove a fairly large layer of material (0,05 – 0,10 mm). The main disadvantage of the tool, having such a notch, - is the low accuracy of machined parts, which is 0,1 – 0,2 mm.
Tool, having teeth under the numbers 2 and 3, used then, when it is necessary to remove a layer of material in 0,02 – 0,06 mm File with notch teeth, have numbers 4 and 5, used for finishing parts. Processing accuracy - 0,01 – 0,005 mm Such teeth remove a layer of material 0,01 – 0,03 mm, not more.
Types of files
The tool by its purpose happens:
- general purpose;
- files;
- special purpose;
- unbuttoned.
General purpose files are mainly used for metalwork. They have a double notch with teeth, by scribbling. Notches have different lengths (from 100 to 450 mm), and teeth - almost all numbers.
A special purpose file is most often used in industrial conditions, as it helps to eliminate large allowances when fitting the grooves of different curvatures of the surfaces. Depending on that, which works will be carried out, special purpose files are divided into flat, lawsuits, double-ended and others.
The most numerous group - nadfili, happen 11 types: round, square, oval, flat, semicircular, triangular, hacksaws, etc.. d. they are characterized by a small length of the bar and notches 5 class. Most often they are equipped with a double notch. Use this file to process small parts or such places, where not to get the usual metalwork tools.
Rasps come in 3 types: general purpose, ungulates and shoemakers. Their distinctive feature is great length and large teeth. Mostly rasps are semicircular, round, flat with sharp and blunt noses.
The form of files
After that, what shape the tool has, you can determine the scope of its application:
- flat pointed or simply flat are used to treat flat surfaces;
- square, by means of which there is a sawing of openings of polygon, square and rectangular;
- triangular, which are used for processing in grooves, holes and grooves;
- with the help of semicircular tools, large holes and concave surfaces are machined, having a significant radius of curvature;
- round are used for processing concave surfaces with a small diameter or oval and round holes;
- rhombic designed for work with toothed parts;
- hacksaw tools are used to sample narrow grooves and grooves.
A large number of works are performed by only three types of files: round, triangular and flat. These species should be of three main groups: unbuttoned, files and general purpose.
Conclusion
The file is a fairly simple tool, the use of which does not cause any difficulties. Grinding works, carried out by this tool, are considered much safer, than if a power tool were used. The only difficulty is to choose the right file on the metal, however, having carefully studied all the intricacies, it will not be difficult.