Diseases of raspberries: effective treatments
Fruits and vegetables, hand-grown in the garden or in the garden is always tastier. The most popular berry in our country is raspberry. But in certain situations, when plant care has been disrupted, the risk of developing raspberry diseases increases, as well as the appearance of pests on it. Diseases and pests of raspberries and their control will be discussed in detail in our today's article.
Raspberry bushes - description
Common raspberry belongs to the genus Rubus, which is part of the family Pink. This is a semi-shrub or shrubby grass. The plant has a woody winding rhizome, which forms many additional roots. Due to them, the root system becomes branched and powerful. Thanks to her shoots can grow to a height 1,5-2 meters.
In the first year, raspberry branches are herbaceous, bluish-green and juicy. They are covered with thin and frequent small spines. The following year, they turn woody and brown. After the end of the fruiting period, woody shoots die. Instead, green stems are formed again next year.
During the flowering period, small and racemose inflorescences are formed on the stems, consisting of white flowers. They are no more than one centimeter in diameter. The flowers are located on the tops of branches or in the axils of the leaves.
Fruiting begins only in the second year after planting. In the first year, flower buds are laid on the shoots. From them the following year in the spring fruit twigs begin to develop. However, breeders bred remontant varieties, shoots which begin to bear fruit in the first year of planting.
The raspberry berry has many small hairy stones, fused into a complex fruit. Depending on the variety, the color of the fruit may be different: yellow, red, dark red and even black. Most often grown red raspberries.
Raspberries are often used as a folk remedy for various respiratory diseases. Berries are useful due to their high content of various trace elements and vitamins. However, despite this, raspberry diseases and pests are not so rare. The only way to protect raspberry bushes from disease and insect attacks is to follow all agricultural techniques, including preventive measures. Only in this case you will get a generous and tasty harvest.
Video "Raspberry bush: cultivation and care "
You will learn about it from the video, how to properly grow this fragrant berry.
Diseases and their treatment
The reason for that, that raspberries started to hurt is improper care for her. Diseases of raspberries develop even with minor deviations from the rules of cultivation. Therefore it is necessary to be attentive to landings, to detect diseases in the early stages of their development. So it is much easier and faster to deal with them.
Diseases of raspberries can be varied. Consider the most common diseases of this plant. There is a weak resistance to them near the bushes.
Chlorosis
If the raspberry bushes have yellowing leaves, then this may be the first symptom of such a disease, as chlorosis. The causative agent of this disease is a virus, which penetrates the plant through fractures and cuts. As vectors, the virus uses insect pests - mites, nematodes and aphids. They can infect shrubs not only with chlorosis, but also jaundice.
Chlorosis develops as follows:
- first, the leaf blade begins to turn yellow between the veins;
- then the yellowness spreads asymmetrically throughout the leaf;
- the leaf begins to shrink;
- there is a pulling of shoots. They are getting thinner;
- the fruits are deformed and become small. They dry quickly.
High soil acidity and moist soil lead to chlorosis. The development of the disease can be prevented by adding gypsum to the soil during excavation. It is also important to destroy raspberry pests, carry this disease. All infected bushes will have to be dug up and burned.
Viral disease curl raspberries
In this disease, raspberry leaves begin to shrink and become wrinkled. The sheet plate itself becomes rigid, and its lower part turns brown. At the same time drying and deformation of berries is observed. The fruits acquire a sour taste. The bush will die in about three years. This disease cannot be cured. One can only stop the spread of infection by destroying the affected plants.
Mycoplasma disease
Another harmful disease is "witch broom", overgrowth or mycoplasmal disease. When infected on the bushes, many small non-fruiting shoots are formed, which reaches a height 30-50 div. There is nothing to be treated here, as this disease is considered incurable. You can only destroy the infected bush.
Rust
Sometimes the reason, that the raspberry bush dries up, there is a fungal infection. Mushrooms cause rust. When infected with fungal microorganisms on the underside of the leaf blade in May, you can see dark spots. After a while such leaves begin to fall, and brown ulcers form on the stems.
Rust, as well as the diseases described above, not treated. Stable immunity to it is not formed. Therefore, only preventive measures are possible here, which prevent infection of the bushes.
Purple spot
A common disease of raspberries is didymella, or purple spot. It leads to drying of shoots. This disease develops as follows:
- light purple spots are formed on young stems;
- they gradually blur. Their edges darken and become reddish-brown. Black dots form in the center of the spots (pycnidia);
- after a while they merge;
- their surface cracks, which leads to fragility of shoots and prevents the development of kidneys.
Wet summer contributes to the spread of the disease. Help in this case can be treated with 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid.
Powdery mildew
Another very dangerous fungal disease of raspberries is powdery mildew. It often affects the bushes in the first half of summer, especially in the presence of wet weather. Shoots, affected by the fungus, covered with loose white plaque. As a result, the leaves begin to dry, and the fruits are deformed. If such symptoms are detected, the shoots should be treated with a solution to combat fungal infection.
Anthracnose
Raspberries also often suffer from anthracnose. The disease is manifested by the appearance on the stems and leaves of small gray spots, which have a purple rim. They merge, thus forming ulcers. This leads to folding of the sheet plate, which then disappears. At the same time the fruits on the bushes do not have time to ripen, darken and deform. It is necessary to struggle with this illness in the same way, as with other fungal infections.
As we see, There are various diseases of raspberries and their treatment depends on the pathogen.
Pests and pest control
Raspberries are for many pests, which parasitize on it, is quite an attractive plant. Diseases and pests need to be treated very carefully here, after all, wasted time will not always be able to effectively deal with the problem and save at least part of the harvest. The following measures will help protect raspberry bushes from pests:
- proper plant care;
- observance of all agrotechnical receptions;
- periodic inspection of shoots for insects.
Adherence to these measures will allow if you do not prevent the appearance of pests, then at least detect them at an early stage of the lesion. In this case, pest control can be conducted as a folk remedy (with mustard, grain, etc.), and more aggressive chemical solutions.
Consider in more detail the common parasites of raspberries.
Ashes
This plant is affected by raspberry shoots or leaf aphids. This insect also parasitizes on other garden berry crops. Aphids settle in colonies. Insects can be found in inflorescences, at the ends of the shoots and on the underside of the leaves. Aphids feed on plant sap and are carriers of many viral diseases. Therefore, it is quite dangerous for the bushes.
To control aphids, raspberry bushes should be sprayed with actelic or carbophos at the time of flowering raspberry buds.
Spider mite
Quite often raspberries suffer from spider mites. This pest is also found on red and black currants, gooseberries, grapes, etc.. d. Spider mites can be found on the underside of the leaf, which he weaves with his web. Places, of which the mite drank the juice discolored and become marble. This leads to drying of the leaves and their fall. Ticks appear on raspberry bushes in dry and hot summers. Spraying bushes with acaricides is considered to be an effective measure to combat it: phosphamide, cidialom, carbophos, etc.. d. Prevention here is timely and good watering.
Galicia
It's raspberry (escaping) stem gall or raspberry mosquito. The insect is deposited in the cracks of egg shoots. Swelling is formed at the site of gall formation. As a result, after some time the stems die. In the same way the presence of raspberry nutcrackers on the bushes is detected. To control these pests should use an earring, carbophos, aktellikom.
Raspberry beetle
In addition to the above-described parasites on raspberries can be found raspberry beetle. In length it is everything 4 mm. Her body is covered with gray and yellow hairs. This beetle can be found in the buds, flowers and leaves. Their larvae can also be found in the soil. The best time to combat it is the budding period. Insects need to be shaken out of the bush and destroyed. After that, digging is mandatory, especially between rows. Affected plants should also be sprayed with Decis, confidor and 10% solution of carbophos.
Strawberry-raspberry weevil
On raspberries, as well as strawberries, often parasitic strawberry-raspberry weevil. Insects overwinter in fallen leaves and earth, and with the advent of spring lay eggs in buds. The larva begins to eat the bud from the inside. A new generation of these pests appears in early and mid-summer, eating leaves. To combat weevils need to spray the buds aktellikom, metaphos or carbophos for 5 days before their disclosure.
Raspberry kidney mile
The butterfly also parasitizes on raspberries, has dark brown wings, on which there are golden spots. This is a raspberry kidney moth. Early varieties of raspberries are less resistant to these insects. The butterfly eats the pods. To combat it, the plants should be sprayed with confidor in early spring, decision and other similar means.
Raspberry stalk fly
One of the most dangerous pests in this case will be the stem raspberry fly. Its larvae gnaw spiral passages inside the stems. This causes the top of the stems to wither. During flowering larvae go into the ground. Here they spend the winter. To combat this fly, you need to cut off all the damaged tops of the shoots, and spray the bushes in early spring with carbophos or actelic.
To prevent infection of plants in the future, all fallen leaves must be removed from the plot. Though, that there are quite effective methods of insect control, they do not always bring the desired result, especially in the presence of a running stage. So, to protect your crops and raspberry bushes, it is necessary to periodically check the plants for pests. Only timely processing will help you save part of the harvest and save raspberries for next year.
How to treat raspberries - prevention
An important part of raspberry care is prevention of diseases and pests. In each case, prevention will have its own form.
Finishing in the spring
After the snow melts, the area needs to be put in order. This procedure includes the following steps:
- on a raspberry bush it is necessary to cut off the frozen tops of stalks;
- remove damaged shoots, as well as those, growing inside the bush;
- then rake all last year's leaves along with the branches and burn it;
- after that the soil should be fertilized in the form of nitrogen fertilizers;
- then tie the shoots to the wallpaper.
Treatment of diseases
In the spring, as a prevention of various diseases, you can spray raspberry bushes with Bordeaux liquid and nitrafen. And you need to process as plants, and the soil around them. Also, such treatment should be carried out in the fall, after harvest.
Pest treatment
In addition to diseases, raspberries should be treated against certain pests. This procedure is performed in the spring after that, when the buds bloomed. To do this, use aktelik or carbophos. Also, such treatment is carried out in the fall after harvest. The bushes need to be pruned and prepared for winter.
Processing in autumn
In autumn, raspberry bushes should be well prepared for winter. To do this, cut off all patients, broken and damaged branches. All leaves should be removed from the stems. To do this, put on a glove. We clamp the stem with it and spend from the bottom up. This must be done carefully, so as not to damage the kidneys.
After that, all the cut or removed material (leaf, branches) need to burn, to destroy possible parasites and pathogens, which can overwinter in them.
As we see, raspberries can suffer from a large number of diseases and insect pests. To avoid a negative development scenario, you need to properly care for plants, as well as timely preventive treatment.
Video "Diseases and pests of raspberries"
You will learn from the video, how to fight pests and diseases of this berry.
