Installation of plastic pipes: methods and features
Plastic pipes differ from products from other materials in rather low cost, as well as ease of assembly. They are widely used for hot and cold water pipelines, sewerage, heating systems, ventilation. The most common are products made of polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride. The pipeline from plastic elements gathers by means of the soldering. You can mount the system with your own hands, if you follow the necessary recommendations.
Installation of plastic pipes is carried out by several methods
Characteristics of plastic pipes
Plastic pipes differ in the type of polymer, from which they are made: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride. They can be used for cold piping (with pressure 10 atm. and operating temperature 20 ° C) or hot (with pressure 10 atm. and temperature 60 ° C) water supply.
Also, some types of plastic pipes are used in pressure heating systems 6 atmospheres and operating temperature 80 ° C with its maximum value 90 ° C.
Polymer pipes have a long service life, no deposits or condensation, low noise, light weight, resistance to corrosion, easy to install, strength, resistance to aggressive environments and water hammer. in addition, they do not require painting and insulation. The service life of such pipes 50 years.
pay attention! Plastic pipes can be reinforced with fiberglass or perforated aluminum to increase strength, reduction of thermal and thermal expansion.
Polypropylene pipes are used for heating, are flexible and resistant to pressure and temperature changes.
Small diameter pipes are suitable for water supply, and large - used in sewer systems
Elements, required for installation work
Installation of plastic pipes with your own hands may require the use of components:
- adapter;
- coupling;
- couplings with internal or external thread;
- taps on 90 and 45 °;
- tee;
- crosses;
- detachable connector;
- bushings and plugs;
- clamps.
The adapter is used to make the transition between pipes of different diameters. When soldering pipe sections of the same diameter, a coupling is required, which in the case of a threaded connection is equipped with an internal or external thread. Turns of the pipeline are carried out by branches. Tees are used for soldering in the node of three pipes, four - crosses. The tee is also equipped with a thread.
If necessary, a detachable connection can be made. Pipelines are usually closed with bushings or plugs. Pipes are attached to walls or structures with clamps. They are plastic and metal.
Fittings of various configurations will be required to connect the pipes
According to the materials, used in the manufacture of fittings, distinguish between combined and monolithic samples. In combined fittings, part of the structure is made of polymer, and the other part is made of metal. They come with a fixed and movable threaded connection. Monolithic fittings consist entirely of polymer.
Accounting for thermal expansion of pipes
Installation of plastic pipes for cold water supply, and for the sewer system begins with the design and calculation of the required number of components. For hot water supply requires accounting for thermal expansion of products.
Importantly! If the maximum possible temperature difference is 80 ° C, then the elongation of each meter of plastic homogeneous pipe is 1,2 cm, combined - 0,2 div.
In pipelines with longer length 2-3 m during elongation with increasing temperature or compression during cooling of the pipes may be a strong stress on the joints. This situation is especially dangerous when using homogeneous polypropylene pipes. Flexible compensatory loops or temperature compensators are installed in hot water supply systems to combat thermal elongation.. They are U-shaped and Z-shaped taps.
The simplest version of the temperature compensator is a flexible loop made of ordinary polypropylene pipe
When installing plastic pipes should provide the possibility of unimpeded temperature movement of products. For this purpose on turns at welded joints of pipes there are cavities, which are filled with soft material, or air pockets to compensate for thermal expansion.
Soldering plastic pipe
To perform pipe soldering, a manual welding machine with a set of nozzles is required, roller pipe cutter or scissors, tool for stripping the ends of products. For connecting pipes with a diameter 16-50 mm used power device 650 W, 63-110 mm - 1600 W.
First, cut pieces of pipe of the required length. Sharp scissors are used for this purpose, which do not deform a thin-walled product. Before soldering of combined pipes cleaning is carried out, in which the upper plastic layer and the middle aluminum are removed.
Depth of welding is indicated in accordance with the table.
Table 1
| Diameter of pipes, mm | Depth of welding, mm |
| 16-25 | 13-15 |
| 32-50 | 16-20 |
| 63-110 | 24-32 |
Welding should be performed in gloves to protect against burns. The temperature of the soldering iron is about 250 ° C. The heating time is also determined from the table.
Table 2
| Diameter of pipes, mm | Heating time, with |
| 16-25 | 5-7 |
| Thirty-two | Eight |
| Fourty | Twelve |
| Fifty | Eighteen |
| Sixty-three | Twenty-four |
| Seventy five | Thirty |
| Ninety | Fourty |
| One hundred and ten | Fifty |
Welding must be performed at a fast pace, because, if the surface of the melt cools, then the connection will not be strong enough. It is necessary to monitor the alignment of the elements. At the final stage, the connection is fixed and maintained for a certain period (connection to 10 With, cooling - to 8 minutes).
Most often, the method of hot welding is used for the installation of plastic water pipes
Features of plastic highway breeding
Distribution is collector, consistent, with through sockets. The latter option is extremely rare.
Installation of plastic pipes with your own hands should begin with the development of a detailed scheme of the future pipeline, trying to minimize the number of bends and details. The layout of the open-type highway involves the vertical installation of pipes at the corners, and horizontally - slightly above the floor. This arrangement makes the water supply network less noticeable.
Concealed wiring is difficult to install and requires accurate calculation. Only a solid pipe can be walled up in the wall, and connection points must be freely accessible.
Fittings are used to connect plastic products. They are detachable and non-detachable, threaded and without thread. Flexible hoses are connected by a one-piece connection.
Importantly! It is not recommended to bend plastic pipes.
Couplings are used to move the highway to another diameter or to join straight sections. Tees are used to create branches. If the highway has turns, then they are carried out by squares.
It is undesirable to bend plastic pipes, and if a turn is required, corner fittings are used
Stages of pipeline installation
Installation of plastic pipes involves the passage of such stages:
- The pipes are cut into pieces of the required length.
- The ends of the products are cleaned of burrs and crumbs.
- The marker indicates the depth of entry of the pipe into the fitting and the place of their connection.
- The soldering iron nozzle is heated, a fitting and a pipe are put on it.
- After heating, the elements are interconnected.
The work should begin from the farthest from the place of entry into the apartment. Keep in mind when slicing, that the use of fittings will extend the sections on 3-5 cm. The depth of the pipe inlet depends on the dimensions of the fitting. It should not be pushed all the way. Otherwise, the pipe will narrow at the joint. It is also necessary to ensure the simultaneous heating of the elements. They should be planted without turning along the centerline with some effort.
If the diameter of the product is larger 50 mm, it is recommended to chamfer before welding at an angle of 45 °. For hot water, plastic pipes are attached more often, than for the cold. Fixing of pipes to a wall is carried out by means of clips, which are installed at a distance of at least 1 m along the entire length of the pipeline.
Pipes are attached to the walls with clips, which allow you to quickly dismantle the pipe if necessary
Features of installation of PVC pipes
Coupling with the use of couplings involves the presence of PVC pipes and fittings for them. The easiest way is to combine the bell. Each pipe at the end is provided with a bell and a rubber ring, in which it is necessary to insert the smooth end of the next pipe to a special convex strip. When using cold welding to connect PVC pipes, the products are treated with a chemical composition.
Installation of PVC pipes includes preparation of the ends of connecting products and the gluing procedure. The test is performed first, how well the elements fit together.
pay attention! PVC pipe should fit freely into the bell 2/3 landing place.
Bonded surfaces must be rough. To do this, the inner part of the bell and the end of the pipe are processed by the skin. It is recommended to use glue, which is designated by the pipe manufacturer.
Bonding is carried out in the following order:
- The napkin is wetted with a cleaner (usually methylene chloride), which is sold with glue, and it wipes the surface (they are degreased and softened during processing).
- Glue is applied with a tampon or brush.
- The pipe is covered with a thick layer of glue, the inner surface of the bell - thin.
- The fitting is put on the PVC pipe so, so that there is a distance between the marks on the products 2-3 div.
- The parts are rotated and held close 30 seconds still.
If the glue is applied correctly, then a smooth roller is formed around the pipe at its entrance to the nest.
Plastic pipes are used for installation of almost all types of engineering networks. Ease of assembly and installation allows you to perform installation work with your own hands.
