Cutters for metal lathes - classification, see, appointment

Specialists, who often use cutters for the lathe when performing work on metal, as well as those, who is engaged in the sale of these products or the supply of machine-building enterprises, well aware of that, what types of these tools are. The same, who often encounters in his practice with lathe cutters, it is quite difficult to understand their types, presented in the modern market in a great variety.

Types of turning cutters for metal processing

Design of a turning cutter

In the design of any cutter, used for turning, there are two main elements:

1. holder, by means of which the tool is fixed on the machine;
2. working head, by means of which metal processing is carried out.

The working head of the tool is formed by several planes, as well as cutting edges, the angle of sharpening which depends on the characteristics of the material of the workpiece and the type of processing. The holder of the cutter can be made in two versions of its cross section: square and rectangle.

Cutter design

By its design, cutters for turning are divided into the following types:

• direct - tools, in which the holder together with their working head are located on the same axis, or two, but parallel to each other;
• the cutters are curved - if you look at such a tool from the side, it is clearly visible, that its handle is curved;
• bent - the bending of the working head of such tools in relation to the axis of the holder is noticeable, if you look at them from above;
• extended - such cutters have a smaller working head width, than the width of the handle. The axis of the working head of such a cutter may coincide with the axis of the holder or be offset relative to it.

Varieties of cutters by design

Classification of cutters for turning

Classification of turning cutters is regulated by the requirements of the relevant GOST. In accordance with the provisions of this document, cutters fall into one of the following categories:

• holistic tool, made entirely of alloy steel. There are also cutters, which are made of tool steel, but they are used very rarely;
• cutters, on the working part of which the plate is watered, made of hard alloy. Tools of this type are the most common;
• cutters with removable carbide inserts, which are attached to their working head with special screws or clamps. Cutters of this type are used much less often in comparison with tools of other categories.

Basic concepts, concerning the work of the lathe cutter, and its main corners
(press, to increase)

There are cutters and direction, in which the feed moves. So, happen:

1. turning tools of the left type - in the process of processing they are fed from left to right. If you put your left hand on top of such a cutter, then its cutting edge will be located on the side of the bent thumb;
2. right cutters - type of tool, which is the most common, which is served from right to left. To identify such a cutter, it is necessary to put the right hand on it - its cutting edge will be located, in accordance, from the side of the bent thumb.

The difference between left and right incisors

Depending on that, what work is performed on turning equipment, cutters are divided into the following types:

• for finishing work on metal;
• for rough work, which are also called peelers;
• for semi-finished works;
• to perform fine technological operations.

Types of turning cutters for metal

In the article we will consider the whole range of turning cutters for metal and determine the purpose and features of each of them. An important clarification: whatever type the cutters belong to, certain brands of hard alloys are used as the material of their cutting plates: VK8, Т5К10, Т15К6, much less often T30K4, etc..

Passable straight cutters

Use a tool with a direct working part to solve the same problems, as bent cutters, but it is less convenient for chamfering. Basically such a tool for a metal lathe (by the way, did not become widespread) treat the outer surfaces of cylindrical workpieces.

Passable straight cutters

Holders of such cutters for the lathe are executed in two standard sizes:

• rectangular shape - 25 X 16 mm;
• square shape - 25x25 mm (products with such holders are used to perform special work).

Pass-through bent cutters

These are the types of incisors, the working part of which can be bent to the right or left, used for machining on a lathe end of the workpiece. They are also used to remove chamfers.

Pass-through bent cutters

Tool holders of this type can be made in different sizes (in mm):

• 16x10 (for training machines);
• 20x12 (this size is considered non-standard);
• 25x16 (the most common size);
• 32x20;
• 40x25 (products with a holder of this size are made mainly to order, they are almost impossible to find over the counter).

All requirements for metal cutters for this purpose are defined in GOST 18877-73.

Passable persistent bent cutters

Such tools for metal lathe can be made with straight or bent working part, but this design feature is not emphasized, and simply call them persistent checkpoints.

Passable persistent bent cutters

Pass-through thrust cutter, by means of which on the lathe processing of a surface of cylindrical preparations from metal is carried out, is the most popular type of cutting tool. Design features of such a cutter, which performs the processing of the workpiece along the axis of its rotation, allow even in one pass to remove from its surface a significant amount of excess metal.

Holders of products of this type can be made in different sizes (in mm):

• 16x10;
• 20x12;
• 25x16;
• 32x20;
• 40x25.

This tool for a metal lathe can also be made with a right or left bend of the working part.

Cutting bent cutters

Externally, such a cutting cutter is very similar to a checkpoint, but he has another shape of the cutting plate - triangular. With the help of such tools for a lathe on the metal workpieces are processed in the direction, perpendicular to the axis of their rotation. In addition to bent, there are also persistent types of such turning cutters, but their scope is very limited.