Chimney pipes. Varieties of chimneys. The device of a private boiler room
Properly installed chimney - is the key to efficient operation of the entire heating system in a private home. Regardless, the device of which boiler is provided -solid fuel or gas, the chimney must meet all regulations. Before designing your own boiler room you should understand this, what types of chimneys exist and what rules apply to their installation.
Chimney pipes are made of different materials and are selected depending on the type of furnace or boiler
Which pipe is best to use for the chimney in a private home?
The optimal choice of chimney for the boiler is based on the following points: on strength, ability to withstand high temperatures, inertness to aggressive acids. Models of asbestos cement pipes can be found on the modern market, stainless steel or ceramics. They, what kind of chimney is better to use in each case, will dictate the type of furnace equipment and its characteristics.
Traditional brick chimneys, for many decades used in the device of domestic boilers, gradually receding into the past. Such chimneys are used mainly for solid fuel boilers. Despite the rather aesthetic appearance and high heat resistance, they have a number of significant disadvantages. Chimney chimney pipes are laid sequentially, which requires some time. The quality of laying bricks in the chimney is also not the last factor in the proper functioning of the system. Laying bricks yourself is quite difficult, this process often requires the help of a specialist. The passage of such a pipe through the roof may require disassembly of the roof, if the pipe is laid in a ready-made structure.
Unlike brick, installation of steel chimneys for boilers is simple and relatively affordable. Stainless steel chimneys are well dismantled and repaired. For, that such chimneys in the private house served as long as possible, they should be qualitatively warmed (isolate). The duration of the service life of the system depends on this procedure.
Brick chimneys are installed only for solid fuel stoves, an alternative should be selected for other types of boilers
Wrinkle! The best option for the design of chimney pipes for the boiler will be the so-called "sandwich". There are also ready-made pipes of this type for sale, also warming of a kind "sandwich" can be made by the hands.
Another common type of chimney pipe for a gas boiler are coaxial chimneys. For solid fuel boilers, such a chimney pipe is not suitable, as their combustion chamber is made on the closed type. The special form of a coaxial chimney excludes formation of condensate, which is especially important for gas boilers.
Types of industrial chimneys
Industrial chimneys are used for the same purposes, as in everyday life - for the removal of fuel combustion products. The inside of the industrial chimneys of industrial-scale boilers must be smooth, to prevent the deposition of soot and other harmful substances.
It is important to know! Industrial chimneys need constant maintenance, otherwise their performance will deteriorate. Such chimneys must be constantly cleaned of soot and dust, especially in the absence of the heating season.
Industrial chimneys for gas and solid fuel boilers are rarely made of metal, except for structures up to 30 m. This type of pipe is called self-supporting. Metal industrial pipes also need insulation. If the design is multi-barrel, then all the trunks should be insulated.
Chimneys industrial up to 80 m it is advisable to build of brick. The high height of the structure requires the use of concrete or reinforced concrete. Varieties of industrial chimneys can be equipped with lightning rods, light barriers and service areas.
Also one of the features, performed by industrial chimneys, is to provide traction in boiler units. The creation of smoke draft in the boiler is due to the temperature difference of the gases, emitted during combustion, and the environment. Hotter combustion products tend to rise.
Bricks or concrete are often used to build industrial chimneys
General rules for designing a boiler room in a private house
Rules, behind which chimneys are installed in private buildings, depending on the type of structure. The choice of location for the boiler room depends on the type of fuel. A separate non-residential premises should be set aside for a solid fuel boiler. It must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. Less strict rules are put forward for a solid fuel boiler, than for gas, as solid fuel is less explosive.
Placing a gas boiler in a private home may be as follows:
- separate room in a private house - ground floor, basement or attic.
- extension or detached building.
Reliable operation of the heating system depends on the device of the chimney for the gas boiler. Rules, relating to chimney pipes in a private home:
- The cross section of the chimney is selected in accordance with the technical requirements of the gas boiler. The diameter of the chimney pipes for a gas boiler is usually specified in the technical data sheet of the boiler installation.
- It is desirable to choose cylindrical chimney pipes for gas boilers: they are easy to maintain and clean.
- The design of the chimney pipe should not have more 3 bends or turns.
The parameters of the height and diameter of the chimney for a solid fuel or gas boiler are determined in accordance with the heat dissipation of the system. The diameter of the chimney pipes from the gas boiler is proportional to the mass of fuel, spent per hour. The same calculations are relevant for solid fuel boiler.
The most practical is the cylindrical shape of the chimney
Wrinkle! There are standard indicators of household heating structures. The temperature of the gases at the outlet to the pipe is usually 150-200 degrees. The speed of the gases in the chimney - 2 m / s, gas pressure on 1 m - not less, than 4 Well.
SNiP rules determine, that the minimum height of the chimney can not be less 5 m. With the above data and the fuel consumption factor of the calculation 10 kg of fuel per hour, the diameter of the chimney will be not less than 165 mm Dependence of heights, power and diameter of pipes for a gas boiler can be calculated according to the following table.
Table 1
| Power | Pipe diameter | Height |
| 18 kw | 130 mm | 7 m |
| 28 kw | 150 mm | 8 m |
| 45 kw | 150 mm | 9 m |
| 65 kw | 200 mm | 10 m |
| 90 kw | 250 mm | 11-13 m |
Rules of arrangement of the passage of the chimney through the roof
The next question, capable of causing difficulties in installing the chimney, there is its passage through the roof. Proceeding to the conclusion of the chimney, you need to know the main regulations.
Experts advise to place the passage of the chimney through the roof closer to the highest point of the roof. The distance between the "ridge" of the roof and the middle of the chimney should be at least 1,5 m. A chimney for the boilers of a private house should rise above the "grasshopper" 0,5 m. These rules are "convenient" to them, that a large crust of snow will not collect on the roof around the pipe of the house, when melting increases the risk of leaking roof.
The device of passage of a flue through a roof has features, which depend on the shape of the chimney and the material of manufacture. Website design in place, where the passage of a brick pipe through the roof, has completely different methods of laying, than in the case of metal or ceramic chimney.
An important factor is the distance between the rafters and the roof. It, usually, is close 25-30 div. In that case, if the roof is made of flammable materials, between the surface of the roof and the chimney wall there is a gap in 13-25 div. With a non-flammable roof, this figure may be minimal.
In place, where the chimney passes through the roof, there should be no gaps
Wrinkle! The material of the roof itself is also important. There are special items on sale for different types of roofs, contributing to better joint waterproofing.
If the roof has a slope, in accordance, the passage of the pipe through the roof must also be inclined. To do this, use elastic penetrations, which also give the effect of sealing. Roofing penetrations have the form of a multi-stage pyramid. If you plan to pass a metal pipe through the roof, it is better to use sealing elements from elastic aluminum. They go well with any roofing material.
Penetrations can be of different configurations and sizes. Which of them is better to choose in a given case - will determine the following rules:
- straight seals are used on flat roofs and roofs with a slight slope (to 25 degrees);
- angular penetrations with fixing of a flange at an angle 20 degrees are applied to roofs with a slope of more 25 degrees.
The best place for the passage of the pipe through the roof is framed with universal penetrations, have the ability to change the configuration.
Metal and silicone sealants are attached to the roof with rivets or screws. The flange is reinforced with sealant. The passage of a square pipe through the roof of the house can be decorated with a collapsible apron - penetration-casing of metal.
Providing your own home with heat is not an easy task, and the most important point in it is the removal of combustion products from the boiler. The choice of materials for the chimney and its installation must be approached responsibly, having previously studied the rules and requirements for the installation of such systems. Failure to comply will lead to heating problems, and in the worst case - before the smoke enters the living space, which is very dangerous to health and life.
