An excellent option for equipping industrial enterprises, producing products singly and in small batches, there is a vertical drilling machine 2H135, by means of which drilling operations can be performed equally successfully, drilling and deployment of holes, as well as trimming and countersinking.
Vertical drilling machine 2H135
Features of the 2H135 machine
Model of the vertical drilling machine 2H135, characterized by a conditional drilling diameter 35 mm, was once designed and developed by specialists of the Odessa Design Bureau. Release of the 2H135 machine, which were equipped mainly by small businesses, engaged in machine tool factory in Sterlitamak. Several other types of machines have similar technical characteristics to this model, which produced such enterprises:
- Sterlitamak Machine Tool Plant (2C125, 2С125-01, 2С125-04, 2H132, 2C132);
- Gomel Plant of Machine Units (2T140, 2TC140);
- Kyiv Machine Tool Plant (KA-232);
- Krasnorichensky machine-tool plant (2Н135Л);
- Zmm Metalik plant in Bulgaria (РК032).
Vertical drilling machine 2T140
The 2H135 machine was used as a base to create a new one, more advanced equipment. Based on it, in particular, the following models of machines were developed:
- 2H135-1 and 2H135K - coordinate vertical drilling machine and model, equipped with a round turntable;
- 2P135F2 - automated drilling machine, equipped with a turret and a cross table (operation of this machine in the automated mode is provided by the CNC system);
- 2H135C - vertical drilling machine made of quill, on which the working head with several spindles can fasten;
- 2H135A is another automated machine model, control which is provided by a system of buttons and cams;
- 2H135H is a multi-position type machine, which depending on need can be equipped with rotary tables and working heads with several spindles.
Location of the main parts of the drill 2H135
Technical capabilities of the 2H135 machine are provided, in the first place, features of its design, consisting of such elements, as:
- working head, in which the tool is fixed;
- plunger type oil pump;
- occasion;
- system, which provides cooling of the treatment area;
- gearbox;
- spindle;
- elements of the power supply system of the machine, including electrical cabinet;
- gearbox;
- system elements, which provides control over feeds and speeds;
- desktop, base plate, column.
Characteristics of the 2H135 machine testify to its high versatility. With its help it is possible to carry out processing of preparations from various materials and with the sizes, which are in a fairly wide range. But the variability of materials, which can be processed on this machine, is achieved through the use of tools, made of high-speed steels or alloys, with high hardness.
2H135 machines are easy to use and thanks to that, that by means of a box of giving and spindle speeds it is possible to select optimum modes of reception and processing of apertures with various parameters and in materials with various characteristics. What is remarkable, 2H135 machines can also be used for threading with machine taps. Execution of such technological operation becomes possible due to that, that the machine spindle can rotate in both directions, for which a special reversal mechanism is responsible.
Vertical drilling machines 2H135 differ in the following design features and technical characteristics:
- the distance between the axis of the vertical spindle and the guides - 300 mm;
- maximum diameter of holes, which can be obtained using this machine, — 35 mm;
- maximum distance between the end of the spindle and the base plate - 1120 mm, minimum - 700 mm;
- maximum distance between the end of the spindle and the desktop - 750 mm, minimum - 30 mm;
- the biggest torque, which can develop a spindle, — 400 Nm, speed - 31,5-1400 about / min, number of speeds - 12, maximum spindle stroke - 250 mm, for one turn of the handwheel-spindle makes a move on 122, 46 mm, movement on one division of a limb corresponds to a course of a spindle on 1 mm;
- dimensions of the desktop - 450x500 mm, in the vertical plane the table can move on 300 mm, there are three T-shaped grooves on the desktop surface;
- the feed can be performed with a maximum force of 15kN, in one revolution the spindle can feed in the range 0,1-1,6 mm, for feed regulation is provided 9 degrees, all machine operating modes are set manually, in the design of the equipment the system of a dynamic stop of a spindle is provided;
- the 2H135 machine has dimensions of 2535х825х1030 mm;
- engine, responsible for the main feed, has power 4 kw;
- a separate electric pump of the X14-22M series is used to supply the coolant to the treatment area;
- total weight of the machine - 1200 kg.
Location of drill controls 2H135
The supporting element of the entire structure of the machine 2H135 is its column, which is made of cast iron. Move the desktop and drill head, carried out at the expense of a manual drive, performed along the supporting column. The base plate is made with an inner cavity, in which the container with liquid is placed, cooling and settling tank. An electric coolant pump is mounted on the upper surface of the base.
The feed box of the 2H135 machine is placed in a separate case, which is located directly in the working head. Box shaft, transmits the rotation of the worm to the feed mechanism by means of a special clutch, center with the support of this mechanism. To select one of nine possible feeds, the operator of the 2H135 machine manipulates two triple blocks, consisting of gears with different parameters.
The most important element of the 2H135 machine is the gearbox, which can report the spindle 12 different speeds. This is a technical device at the top of the machine, directly under the electric motor, located vertically.
Spindle of the 2H135 machine
Changing the spindle speed is due to the mobile units of the gearbox, which are assembled from gears with different parameters. The gearbox is connected to the electric motor by means of a gear transmission and an elastic coupling., and with a spindle rotation unit - by means of a spline connection. The plunger oil pump is responsible for lubricating all transmission components, and control over its work can be carried out by means of the lubricating pointer, located on the front of the machine.
It should be noted, that the main elements of the machine 2H135, responsible for its technical characteristics, are located in the drilling head. In particular, are located there:
- device, which is responsible for switching speeds and feeds;
- gearboxes and speeds;
- the main working body - the spindle - and its counterweight;
- machine feed unit.
A special handle is provided for switching feeds and speeds in the 2H135 machine, which can take six different positions:
- three - along the axis of the machine;
- three - in a circle.
Gearbox 2H135
The feed mechanism is the principle of operation
The design of the feed mechanism of the machine 2H135, which is the most important working body of the drilling head, consists of the following basic elements:
- steering wheel;
- worm gear;
- two couplings - overtaking and ratchet;
- limba with distributions;
- located on the horizontal shaft of the rail gear.
The feed mechanism allows you to perform a number of technical operations in the process of processing the workpiece:
- in manual mode to overtake the feed;
- cut the female thread in the workpiece with a manual feed;
- in the manual mode to bring to preparation of the working tool;
- turn the feed on and off;
- take the spindle up from the workpiece.
Feeder box for vertical drilling machines 2H135
Despite the relative complexity of the design of the feed mechanism, the principle of its operation is quite simple. Due to the rotation of the steering wheel, the movement of the cam clutch is reported, which, in turn, through the half-coupling-cage behind the gear-shaft, which is connected to the rail (the rail provides vertical movement (filing) spindle in manual mode).
At that moment, when the tool touches the workpiece, the gear shaft begins to rotate, but this rotation cannot be transmitted by the teeth of the cam-type clutch, as a result of which the clamp-coupling begins to move along the axis of the shaft until then, until the clutch cams are against each other . Only at this point does the clutch turn on 200 (turning to a larger angle is not possible, as this will not allow the structural elements of the coupling).
The design of the half-clutch provides a double ratchet disc, which when it moves reports the movement of the gear, connected by a worm gear. The movement of this clutch, in accordance, causes the worm to rotate and move the rail shaft longitudinally. This is how the mechanical supply of the spindle is ensured, which can be anticipated, if you continue to turn the steering wheel.
The passport to the machine also discusses the possibility of manually moving the working head. To do this, the box provides rail and worm pairs, which can be used, if you turn off the mechanical feed with the steering wheel.